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Dáil Éireann debate -
Tuesday, 7 Jul 1936

Vol. 63 No. 8

Committee on Finance. - Vote 28—Universities and Colleges.

Debate resumed on motion:—
Go ndeontar suim ná raghaidh thar £80,900 chun slánuithe na suime is ga chun íochta an Mhuirir a thiocfaidh chun bheith iníoctha i rith na bliana dar críoch an 31adh lá de Mhárta, 1937, chun Deontaisí do Príomh-Scoileanna agus do Choláistí (8 Edw. 7, c. 38; Uimh. 42 de 1923; Uimh. 32 de 1926; agus Uimh. 35 de 1929; agus Uimh. 27 de 1934).
That a sum not exceeding £80,900 be granted to complete the sum necessary to defray the Charge which will come in course of payment during the year ending on the 31st day of March, 1937, for Grants to Universities and Colleges (8 Edw. 7, c. 38; No. 42 of 1923; No. 32 of 1926; No. 35 of 1929; and No. 27 of 1934).— (Minister for Finance.)

On the last occasion when this Estimate was before the House, Deputy Mrs. Concannon gave certain particulars with regard to the number of students attending university courses through the medium of Irish in Galway College and drew certain deductions from these as to the extent of the courses and the high standard of the instruction given. In view of the importance of this subject, I should like to ask the Minister whether he has had a report or whether he asked for a report from the university authorities in Galway, Cork and Dublin as to the capacity of the students going to the university from secondary schools to receive instruction through the medium of Irish in their university courses. I ask that because from what I know of the surroundings of some of the secondary schools giving instruction through the medium of Irish, I feel that university professors, capable of giving lectures through the medium of Irish, must have a very considerable amount of difficulty in dealing with some of the material reaching them from the secondary schools.

I do know that where you have a secondary school, teaching through the medium of Irish, in which Irish is not the language used during recreation, the atmosphere of the school is such that Irish is not the normal language of the students, judged by what is the language of the pupils themselves during recreation time. I think that is a very serious reflection on the capacity of the students to receive instruction through the medium of Irish, or, on the other hand, that it is a very great reflection on the seriousness with which the secondary school authorities regard the use of the language. If the Minister has not had a report, or has not asked for a report of that kind I would ask him, in view of the amount of money that is being given to the university colleges in order to get them to do an increasing part of their work through the medium of Irish, whether he would ask for a report on the linguistic capacity, as far as Irish is concerned, of the material going to the university colleges.

I have a great deal of sympathy with the motive which lies behind the question put to me by Deputy Mulcahy, and that is to ensure that so far as possible the Irish language will be made an effective medium of speech, not merely inside the classrooms of our schools and colleges, but in all the intercourse of the students with each other. I should like to be able to assure the Deputy that I would ask for such a report, but I am afraid that if I were to do that I should only be courting a rebuff from the university.

Because, as the Deputy is aware, they are very jealous of what they regard as their autonomous rights in the matter.

Surely it is not a matter of rights, but a matter of scientific review and research.

If the Deputy will bear with me for a moment. I was saying that I, as Minister for Finance, would feel precluded from asking the universities for a report of the nature he has suggested for the reason that the universities, as we have reason to know already in this House, and as I have reason to know in connection with a measure which was before the House a couple of years ago, are very jealous of what they regard as their rights and their autonomy in the matter of curricula, regulations and everything that appertains to those who are members of the student body. Accordingly, I feel that I should be courting a rebuff if I were to ask for it. But I have no doubt that the Minister for Education, who is primarily concerned with the propagation of Irish and the encouragement of the teaching of Irish in the primary and secondary schools, does everything that is possible to ensure that the students who go to the university are as well equipped as the resources and the time at the disposal of the State since 1922 have made possible, to embark on and to undertake their studies through the medium of Irish. As the Deputy knows, they do the full intermediate course in that subject and, therefore they ought to be very well equipped indeed to take advantage of whatever facilities the university may be able to place at their disposal for the study of the curricula through the medium of the Irish language. I am sure that in this matter I speak for the great majority of the House, both those who support the Government and for the great majority of those who, in other matters, oppose the Government, when I say that it is the desire of the legislature and the general body of the representatives of the people that the university should do everything they possibly can to foster and extend the study of Irish and the use of Irish as an educational medium. I should like, and I am sure it will meet the Deputy's point of view, that that should go on record, and I have no doubt that those who are responsible for university education in this country will take into consideration what I believe is a very widespread desire, not confined to any Party, of most of those who represent the people here.

With regard to the other matter raised by Deputy Mrs. Concannon, I have a great deal of sympathy with those who are appointed to lectureships through the medium of Irish in Galway College. I think they ought not to be in any worse position than their colleagues on the academic staff but, at the same time, I am not prepared to accept the proposition that the Government must do everything in this matter and that the college should be free of all liability. After all, we do not want to single out those who have been appointed to lectureships or chairs in the university, because of their special qualifications to teach through the medium of Irish, from the general body of the staff of the colleges. We think that they are entitled to the same treatment and that the constituent colleges have exactly the same obligations towards them as they have to any other member of their body.

I am not undisposed to deal fairly with the college in regard to a matter of this sort, but I must refuse to accept the full responsibility for putting those who hold these lectureships on a par with the general body of the staff. That is a matter in which the college is just as much concerned, and has at least as much responsibility, as the Government has. Nobody can say that we have dealt niggardly with the universities or with the colleges which have shown a disposition to advance the policy of the Government in regard to Irish, and I am perfectly certain that as our precedessors were not niggardly, and as we have not been niggardly either, neither will our successors be niggardly. But, it must be made clear to those who have the responsibility for the administration of the colleges that we feel that they should be at least as anxious as we are in this matter. If they are really sympathetic towards what I think is the general desire of the general body of the people who provide them with all their finances, and if they really want to give effect to it, they ought to do even more than the State should in order to give effect to the general desire of the people to have the national language revived and utilised so far as possible in all concerns of everyday life. Whenever a case has been made to the Minister for Education, in the first place, and to myself, as Minister for Finance, subsequently, I think it can be said that so far as we, and everybody with whom we are associated, have been concerned, it has received the most sympathetic consideration. I cannot promise that we are going to relieve ourselves of the ordinary curb which reason and a prudent concern for the interests of the taxpayers in these matters impose on us, but what I do say is that we will not be unduly close-fisted whenever we see a chance of doing something reasonable to assist the colleges in this matter of Irish and of teaching through Irish; but again, I want to emphasise, because I do not want even the authorities of University College, Galway, to think that they are entitled to be spoon-fed, that they must open their mouths as if they were fledglings in a nest every time that this matter of Irish is mooted, that they must show that they themselves are prepared, even at the expense of the rest of the college, to make some sacrifices in order to put Irish in its proper place.

Arising out of the Minister's reply to my question, I do not think that the question of the touchiness of the universities as regards their autonomy arises in this matter at all. The universities and the university colleges are quite as much interested in the restoration of the Irish language as any Party in this House or of any section of the people in the country. They are in this position, that they are getting into the universities the best students from the ordinary secondary schools and from the A schools. They realise, as well as the people dealing with primary or secondary education, that the whole question of using Irish as a medium for the giving of instruction in higher education is in the experimental stage; that all that requires to be scrutinised and watched in every possible way, not from a critical point of view but from a helpful point of view. I think that, for dealing with a matter of this sort, the Minister for Education would be the more suitable medium, but the position is that so far as this House is concerned the Minister for Finance has responsibility for the moneys voted for the universities. This is the only opportunity we have of getting any information with regard to the universities or of linking them in any way with our discussions in the Dáil.

The question is one simply of establishing relations. I am not asking for the setting up of any great machinery for dealing with matters that necessarily are matters rather for exchange between the academic bodies and, say, the Department of Education. As the Minister for Education has been brought into it, and as he is present in the House, I would ask him whether he appreciates the position and whether he would undertake that, in future, the universities would be periodically communicated with: that there would be a regular exchange of information such as would give to him information as to the standard that was being reached in both the ordinary secondary schools and the A secondary schools—the standard of linguistic capacity that was being reached in Irish so as to enable pupils to follow the full university course through the medium of Irish.

The Minister for Finance has pointed out that it would really not be proper for him to get into touch with the universities on this matter. I think the same consideration also applies to the Minister for Education. The universities, as the Minister for Finance has pointed out, most jealously guard their autonomy, and I think that any attempt to impose upon them any State policy would be rigorously contested. In fact, even in this House, we have had speakers from the Deputy's own Party making a very strong case against any attempt whatever by the State to interfere in matters connected with university education. So that if the State does not interfere, but if it could be even suggested as having a desire to interfere in university matters, I certainly feel that the universities would feel aggrieved. I have, of course, strong personal views on the matter, but I do not propose to go into them now. I suggest to the Deputy that no evidence has been brought forward to show that university students who have completed a full course in our secondary schools are not capable of following instruction through the medium of Irish. The trouble with a good many of our students who have taken their course completely in Irish in secondary schools is that when they go to the universities they find that they are unable to pursue their studies through the medium of Irish; that facilities are not provided for them. As regards those candidates who have not been through the full secondary course through the medium of Irish, I think that, if they have pursued the ordinary secondary course up to leaving certificate standard, they should, nevertheless, be sufficiently well-equipped to follow instruction through the medium of Irish where such instruction is provided.

I must again protest against this attitude, that to ask the universities for information with regard to matters such as I have indicated is to attempt to interfere with their autonomy. To do so is, I think, unfair to the universities, and is simply making a kind of complaint against the universities in order to excuse a certain amount of obscurity on the part of the Ministry in the matter of Irish. The Minister for Education seems to level a charge against the universities that they are not as prepared as he would like them to be to give instruction through the medium of Irish and to carry on the work of the secondary schools. If we are to accept the statement made by Deputy Mrs. Concannon on that matter, I think we must excuse completely Galway University College from that. I would like to have some further details as to what the complaints are in this matter either in the case of Cork University College, or University College, Dublin. The fact does remain, so far as the Minister for Education is concerned, that there are A secondary schools where the language of recreation and the language outside the classrooms is English and I think that is a reflection on the capacity of the students. As between the universities and the educational authorities here, among themselves as bodies all co-operating and working together in an administrative and a kind of research way to improve the position of Irish as a medium of instruction and as an every-day language throughout the country, I do not think it is too much to ask that there would be that co-operation between the Department of Education or the Department of Finance and the universities in this matter.

Does the Minister suggest that we who contribute the money have no right whatsoever to make inquiries as to how the work is being done by the universities? I ask this question in no hostile spirit, because there is nobody inside or outside of the Dáil who would be more liberal than I in endowing the universities. I was for many years on the governing body of the University College in Cork. I do think it should not always be made a principle that the people who pay the piper should not have at least some voice in calling the tune.

Vote put and agreed to.
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