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Dáil Éireann debate -
Wednesday, 5 Jun 1974

Vol. 273 No. 4

Committee on Finance. - Vote 43:Posts and Telegraphs (Resumed).

Debate resumed on the following motion:
That a sum not exceeding £48,619,000 be granted to defray the charge which will come in course of payment during the period commencing on the 1st day of April, 1974, and ending on the 31st day of December, 1974, for the salaries and expenses of the Office of the Minister for Posts and Telegraphs and of certain other services administered by that Office, and for payment of certain grants-in-aid.
—(Minister for Posts and Telegraphs.)

When I concluded last Thursday I had been speaking about the telephone service and I had in mind to add some fairly minor points to what I had said already in regard to that service and to the Post Office service. However, the hour is pushing on and I shall not trouble the House with as long a speech as I had intended; but I should like to put to the Minister a few matters, some of them of a minor nature, on which I should be glad to have his views.

In the broad spectrum of European countries we are unique in having a very wide and thick network of post offices. The average continental European town with a population comparable with that of, say, Limerick, would have a head post office, but would be lucky to have two sub-post offices, whereas the system we have here — I do not know whether we have inherited it or developed it — has left us with a very thick network of sub-post offices distributed in such a way that in an urban area one is rarely more than a five-minutes' walk from a post office while in the country one can count on a post office existing in every village no matter how small. This situation is an enormous advantage so far as post office work is concerned, and it means also that the service can be used as a potential escape route in cases of national emergency of an administrative kind. What I have in mind here particularly is the difficulty in which this country found itself on two separate occasions of a bank strike, the first of which lasted for three months and the second for five months, if not more. Indeed, the second one was so prolonged that people were wondering whether it would ever end. During that time cheques were used in the same way as currency. Some people made money by printing cheque forms on which individuals could issue promises that directives to their banks would be met.

From the point of view of the ordinary citizen these two strikes may not have been very severe but the repercussions for the business community were severe. Although both strikes occurred during the tenure of office of the last Government there is no certainty that we might not have another such strike — so far be it from me to place unnecessary blame on the previous Government — but I should like the Minister to tell us, if possible, that somewhere in the Department there is a section with some intelligent man in charge where there is being worked out a contingency plan for using the Post Office system as a kind of make-shift banking system by establishing current accounts that would be operable through post office branches in the event of there being a bank strike of the duration and severity of the last two. That is a point on which I should like to hear the Minister's reaction when he is replying.

There are three or four other points I wish to make in regard to the postal service generally before I go on to deal with the subject of the broadcasting services. The Minister told the House that the Universal Postal Union is to hold one of its meetings here shortly. This organisation is used by lecturers in international law as an example of how international law functions in an unspectacular way, as it has been doing for more than 100 years, in the direction of carrying out regulations that are made freely by countries who enter into the UPU. It is worth reflecting that this organisation came into being through a simple consideration of mutual convenience. If a person in Dublin wishes to send a letter to a friend in Bulgaria all the State here requires is that a 7p postage stamp be affixed to the letter and that it be deposited in a mail box. The Irish State will have completed its part of the bargain as soon as the letter goes into a sack and is sent on its way. It is then transported by umpteen hands to Bulgaria where it will be delivered, perhaps, to the central mountain area of that remote eastern European country. All that has been done for an expenditure of 7p to the Irish State. The Bulgarian with whom one is corresponding will get an equivalent service by paying a small sum. This will ensure that his letter can be delivered to the far reaches of the Mullet Peninsula by an Irish postman, very largely at the expense of the Irish State. The essential sense of the system is its mutuality. It works very well.

The Universal Postal Union is a model of what an international organisation should be. The common interest behind this is obvious. I note that the union will have its annual beano — if that is not too frivolous a word to use, but my experience of these international congresses is that they very rarely rise above the level of a beano — here in the near future. I hope the Minister will let the rest of the world see that we have a fair share of good sense. I hope the Universal Postal Union meeting in Dublin will be remembered for the abolition of some of its idiotic and antiquated rules. I could list these all night but the House does not wish to hear them.

I should like to see the Universal Postal Union celebrate its meeting in Dublin by deciding to do away with sealing wax as a necessity in the registration of post. In less sophisticated times to put sealing wax on a knot guaranteed that the package would not be opened by an unauthorised hand. Those days have gone. Does anyone seriously imagine that the perfunctory dab of sealing wax applied to the knot of a parcel by a Post Office official is a guarantee against anything? A child could open the knot and replace the blob of sealing wax with another blob. The fact that the package had been opened would be indiscernible to the cursory glance, which, of course, is the only kind of glance the package will ever get from any postal official between here and Istanbul.

The whole system of the registration of packets and parcels is a technical one on which I will not offer views. To me it has always seemed a nuisance. No one in this age uses sealing wax for anything at all except for the necessary registration of parcels which are tied by string. Only for that, there would not be such a thing as a sealing wax company in existence. Even the lawyers — and everybody knows they are conservative — have done away with seals, in the sealing wax sense, because a legal document can be sealed with a paper seal. A wafer with a little gum at the back of it will do as a seal. The necessity to use this wax in order to shore up the insurability of a parcel or the responsibility of a postal department for the safety of the parcel can no longer be defended. I would like to see the meeting of the UPU in Dublin remembered for the disappearnce from international postal practice of idiotic and antiquated requirements of that sort.

I was interested to hear the Minister say that philatelic operations of his Department brought in more money last year. He said £130,000 had been harvested by what were identifiable sales of stamps for philatelic purposes. I wish him good luck in that respect. I will not bore the House with my views on the design of postage stamps. I was upset when I heard that the Minister proposed to replace the existing permanent series. It does not matter whether one likes the permament series. I dislike the practice in the modern world of doing away with something which is perfectly all right and putting something else in its place.

We had our first issue of stamps in 1922 which persisted into the late 1960s when it was replaced by the present series. That first series was an old-fashioned, poorly designed and not very interesting series. It had a sword of light, a Celtic Cross and the arms of the provinces. It was an unimaginative and dull series; but to me it stood for the stability of the Irish State under all Governments from that day to this. That series stood for the fact that this State was essentially — naturally I do not deprecate the social advance — politically and constitutionally the same kind of State it had been 50 years previously. I was very sorry to see that series, although artistically it may not have been defensible, being ditched in favour of a new series, even though I like it. This new series shows animals allegedly taken from Celtic manuscripts. What is the reason for ditching this new series? What is this passion for change? I am not necessarily one of nature's conservatives. I think it is unhealthy, in small and great things, that one should be always looking for things to smash and replace. Is the change to be made because the stamps are easily forged? Or has an unnamed expert decided that they are not aesthetically satisfactory or do not fulfil their subsidiary function of attracting tourists? Why is the present permanent series of Irish postage stamps being discarded?

As a footnote on the subject of design, I will illustrate the madness to change things which we have all grown up with and which are in a small way a part of our lives. I noticed during the last two years, and this was started by the previous Government, that the old symbol of the Department of Posts and Telegraphs, the so-called Gaelic script was discarded. Why has that gone by the board, on all but the oldest vans which nobody has bothered to repaint? It is being replaced by modern lower case Roman sans serif "p+t". To me that symbol is hard to read. Whether it is right or wrong, I protest against the passion to do away with the symbol which we all remember from our childhood. The new symbol would be perfectly acceptable as the badge for an industry or business. Why could we not have held on to the old symbol? What was wrong with it? Probably some trendy young man with a tweed tie was given 50 guineas to sit down and design a new symbol for the Department of Posts and Telegraphs for no obvious reason. If there is a reason I would be glad to hear it from the Minister and from his predecessor. This was done at public expense.

The drab green vans were changed into marigold vans. Is there a sound reason for that? Drab green is a better colour for a van than marigold. A bright colour when it gets dusty or dirty looks a good deal shabbier than a dull colour. But one cannot prevent Post Office vans from getting drab and dirty. I am sorry to see the old green vans with the old which I remember from my earliest childhood disappearing, in favour of marigold vans with their, to me, not easily legible and unnecessary replacement in these lower case sans serif letters about which I have spoken.

That is a small point. I almost apologise for taking up five minutes of the time of the House by mentioning it. I would like to register this protest because of what I see as a general tendency both in Ireland and in the world.

The last thing I want to say about the postal service is something which may seem even smaller to the Minister. In my long years as a householder in Dublin I have been friendly with postmen who come to my door. I have often had sympathy with these men who worked in all kinds of weather trying to stuff the literature which I get through a small letterflap in my door. Partly to facilitate them and also to make sure that my post was not damaged beyond recognition, I installed a large letterbox some time ago in my own house. I do not say that to seek the praise of the House, but I think the Minister would be doing a useful service in alleviating the conditions of some of the State's employees if he were to recommend to the Department of Local Government and to local authorities which build houses on a large scale that the size of the standard letterbox flap in private houses should be enlarged.

The documents which every Deputy gets every day of the week and the shiny reports from State-sponsored bodies will not go into the ordinary letterbox. I hope that the Members do not think I am complaining about the material arriving at my house. I am merely putting myself in the position of the postman who travels a couple of miles a day in a suburban area in a highly-populated district. This man has to push a big wad of post through slots which are barely wide enough to take a Christmas card. Since the local election campaign started, I have been going around my constituency. When I come to a house where there is no one in I put the canvassing material through the letterbox, having written a few words on it indicating that it is a billet doux from their Deputy and saying that I am sorry to miss them. In at least 99 out of every 100 houses the dimensions of the available letterbox slot appear to be six inches by two inches. I reflect on what my life would be if it was my business to stuff enormous masses of material, such as every Deputy in the House gets, as well as many other people get, into slots six inches long and, perhaps, one-and-a-half or two inches wide. The Minister should do something to ease the work of the employees. He could recommend that no house would be built by a local authority, or would qualify for a local authority loan, which did not have reasonable access for the kind of material which is common in postal deliveries today. These are the points I wish to make about the general postal service and the telephone service.

I come now to the question of broadcasting. My departure point was conveniently made for me by Deputy Blaney the other day when he said in the course of the speech on the Estimate that he thought Irish nationality was weakening. I do not think there is a Deputy in this House whose political views and mine would be further apart. I barely need to wait for Deputy Blaney to get up before I know he is going to say something with which I profoundly disagree. But that particular sentiment which he voiced here was one with which I agree. The Deputy speaks in blunt words. He deserves the thanks of the House for saying something I have been waiting for someone to say for a long time. The Deputy said we were weakening as a people. I believe that is true. We are weakening as a people not in the sense that the three million people in the Republic are individually becoming lazier, but in the sense that the idea of national identity which sustained their predecessors, whether they belonged to the physical force tradition or to the parliamentary tradition through suffering and sacrifice, is weakening. Deputy Blaney is right about that. It is very important.

If the kind of man that John Redmond was on one side, or Pearse was on the other side, had been able to look forward 60 years and see the kind of country that would be produced by their joint efforts — and it was by their joint efforts in a sense— they might have asked themselves if it was worth their while giving up their lives or virtually dying of broken hearts to produce the kind of country which is culturally so porous, so pregnable, so vulnerable and so lacking in self-confidence and without belief in itself as that which exists in 1974.

I quite realise that when we talk about cultural leadership we are only a step away from ugly things. When talking about them, we are only a step away then from a kind of tyranny, whether fascist or communist, which we have been lucky to avoid. I am conscious of that danger. Deputy Blaney is right in saying that we are weakening as a people. The number of concrete criteria which we can point out in this country to a foreigner as differentiating us from our nearest neighbours and as having justified the work, let alone the fight, to establish independence even for Twenty-six Counties, is very small indeed. Those criteria are lessening day by day. I am not speaking about any particular class. The Dublin middle-class use terms like "It was only fantastic". That is not an Irish turn of speech. A lower stratum of the population write on walls, "Boot boys rule O.K.". That is not an Irish turn of speech. My own children, who have no inherited interest in this regard, follow English soccer clubs because they see in their schools and in their world that people take an interest in what is happening to Leeds United, Sheffield Wednesday and other clubs. These are English soccer clubs. It would not be so bad if they were interested in Irish soccer clubs.

Driving along Irish suburban roads, one does not notice a single architectural or social feature which would identify the houses as those of Irish people. This is so whether it is a road of corporation houses or a road on which the houses cost £20,000 to £30,000. Similar houses and roads can be seen in Scunthorpe, Macclesfield and Bromley, Kent. I look at the lives of the people in these houses and from what I see there is nothing which differentiates them from people across the water. I do not think one should give up one's way of life in order to be different, but I recognise that the people in the generations before us — and in this I hope I am speaking for Deputies on both sides of the House — whether they believed in the constitutional or the physical force way of doing things, felt then there was something in this country which deserved a separate existence and breathing space — something which could never get that breathing space under a British government. That is why I believe men broke their hearts or shed their blood for Ireland in the centuries gone by. I dislike the word "culture" and, like Hermann Goering, I tend to reach for my gun when I hear it mentioned but I am afraid that these men would be disappointed at the degree to which the shape and taste of our life here are becoming progressively more and more meshed into that of the island next to us. In saying that I do not want to be taken as saying anything anti-British. If I were British I would be proud of it, but I am not, and I recognise that this House and all the panoply here of a separate parliament exist only because our fathers and grandfathers would not recognise that they were British either. I have to ask myself then what would their reaction be if they were still alive to speak their minds about the island they would see today. I am afraid their reaction would be one of disappointment, a feeling that they had given their blood and broken their hearts for nothing.

We have Bills passed into law here and there is absolutely no reason to suppose we would not have had the same legislation if the British had remained here. There are exceptions. The Bill we had this afternoon was an exception. I was moved by the public spirit, the unanimity and similarity of feeling between both sides and by the fine speech of Deputy Andrews, the Opposition spokesman on Justice. I know we have an adoption system here which is different from and better than the one they have in Britain, but most of our legislation and most of our ways of doing things are not different. Not only are they not different but they are merely cogged from the British.

This has been a long prologue and the Chair has been very patient in putting up with it as an introduction to what I want to say about Radio Telefís Éireann and the broadcasting system under the Minister's charge. I think the sustaining of Irish nationality — I do not mean the idiotic, Chauvinistic inflation of Irish nationality— but the sustaining of it and the prevention of Irish people ever being ashamed of what they are, of the way they speak, of where they come from and who their parents were and where they were born — and the sustaining of their kind of culture, whether it be good or bad, is something on which a broadcasting service can have a unique effect and I am supported in that belief by the Broadcasting Review Committee.

The Minister had some hard words to say about them, and I agree with him in some of his hard words, but I am supported in what I say by the most central of their conclusions at page 20, paragraph 341. The committee noted the lack of any statement in existing legislation as to what the purpose of broadcasting is and they very rightly tried to say what they thought it should be. They said, and I agree with them:

Broadcasting should be concerned with safeguarding, enriching and strengthening the cultural, social and economic fabric of the whole of Ireland.

I have already said it is very easy to teeter into fascism, communism, into tyranny or puritanism if one takes a text like this and over-drives it. I am not asking the Minister to do that, but I believe that this is very near what most people who think about it would expect the purpose of a broadcasting system to be. I should like to see a system here, no matter what it cost and no matter what the difficulties may be, accepting its role to sustain Irish nationality. We are a small people. We are a poor people. We have the misfortune to share a language with the most powerful cultural complex in the world, a culture which is by no means in certain respects congenial to our way of life, and we are battered, I believe, by the cultural environment mediated to us through that language.

Radio Telefís Éireann has got a duty to sustain Irish nationality. If I appear to be diverging from anything the Minister has said inside or outside the House he will, I hope, be big enough to forgive me. I believe that Radio Telefís Éireann has sometimes, perhaps, been not fully responsible for dragging politics into everything. I believe that a large slice of the Telefís Éireann staff understand in their heart of hearts the obligation the Broadcasting Review Committee would wish to see formally accepted, and even the oddest or maddest of them has a very strong sense of Irish nationality and of the function RTE has in this regard. I am swallowing and choking down my very strong feelings about what I think has been occasionally— I do not mind saying "deliberately"—the glorification by one branch or other of RTE of movements which I believe deserve nothing but the one hundred per cent hostility of decent Irish people. I am choking all that back. I am not going to dwell on it. But, leaving that aside, I believe the majority of the staff, or a very large proportion of it, particularly those dealing with Irish language programmes, have got a sense of Irish nationality and a sense of responsibility for it and, so far from seeing less of them — again I hope this will be taken as a sign of open government when I say this in the Minister's presence — I would like to see the influence of that section, if only they would keep their politics out of it, growing rather than diminishing.

I believe that those whom we sometimes, a little derogatorily, perhaps, call Gaeilgeoirí, even the maddest of them, belong to the best people we have. Some of them are very mad, but I still believe they belong to the best people we have and I believe they represent, even in their madness — a lot of their madness arises from the frustration they have suffered and the hypocrisy they have been shown by this State on both sides over the last 50 years — real Irish nationality. I believe they are basically a people who deserve support and understanding, even though it is sometimes hard enough to understand them and hard enough to support them and their equation of Irish nationality with a political point of view of which I would be ashamed. They enrage me and, I am sure, many others; but I believe they deserve admiration and support for struggling both inside and outside RTE in face of a hostile world.

It might be socially easier for them and, perhaps, materially more advantageous for them to throw in the towel but they do not do that and, if these Gaeilgeoirí are the worst tyrants or the worst fanatics this country ever has to deal with, we will be getting off very lightly and very easily because they are basically people who, when they first started off 60, 70 or 80 years ago only had a culture in mind. They have been opposed by political interests. They have been treated with disdain and hypocrisy by the State, but they keep on plugging, trying to do what they think right for the country, in conditions that are unpopular, conditions in which it is easy to sneer at them. I think they deserve the gratitude of the people of this State, whether or not they are wealthy. We should make an effort to sever our feelings of gratitude towards them for that from our feelings of rage — and in my case it is unspeakable rage — for, in the case of many of them, trying to shackle the Irish language movement on to the physical force movement in the sense which that phrase bears today, which includes the "excusable"— in inverted commas — murdering of innocent people.

I know the Minister will take this in a friendly spirit. I would like to see that lobby — if it can be called such although I have no evidence that it actually works as such — I should like to see that branch of the broadcasting services strengthened. Even if it is cost us money I should like to see it strengthened. I should like to see a full radio and television service in both languages. I, for one, would be willing to defend here in the Dáil what financial sacrifice was necessary to make that possible. My favourite Irish author — and I do not mind telling the House if it is of any interest — in this century is the late Brian O'Nolan who wrote a column in The Irish Times under the pen name of Myles na gCopaleen. I often think, particularly in moments of dejection, that he was the only completely sane Irishman born in this century. Although he was a savage enemy of all cant, hypocrisy, and humbug, and mercilessly demolished the pretensions of anyone, Gaeilgeoir or otherwise, I remember one article he wrote probably 30 years ago, sometime during the war, in which he picked up for a change the whinings of some group who complained that Mr. de Valera was spending £500,000 a year on restoring the Irish language. From memory — it is one of my bedside books and I know the article almost by heart — what Myles na gCopaleen said was this: “I may be a wild Paddy, but I take the view that for a poor country like ours to spend £500,000 a year in trying to revive a language is nothing to apologise about; nothing to be ashamed of; it is a civilised and urbane pursuit particularly at a time when the so-called civilised nations of the world are spending about £200,000,000 a day trying to destroy each other”. In a nutshell, that is my point of view about it too. If only I could see that the effort had the hearts of people in Government, on whatever side they may be, behind it and it was producing results, I would be completely happy.

That is the correct attitude towards this thing; it is nothing to be ashamed of. I believe that RTE must pull its weight here. Even if it means spending money on it, even if it means a penny on the pint, I would put that penny on the pint in order to raise the Irish language from the condition in which it is. I do not mean it is in a poor condition but it is in a posture of defence. I would put money into that and I would defend it here even if it meant having to produce a budget, perhaps at a time which might not suit too well, and having to explain to the people why you were putting a penny or tuppence on the pint. I would do that, because I think that is the kind of thing for which this State was founded; for which the people on the constitutional side worked or, on the other side, died. If we did not fight and work for our independence for purposes like that, what did we work for? Was it merely that we would have a kind of glorified county council of our own? Or what was it for? because, day by day, I see these national objectives receding further and further into the distance. It is becoming more and more socially acceptable by people on all political sides to sneer at, laugh at, or speak dismissively or condescendingly about this objective.

The last thing I want to say about the Irish language and its position in regard to Telefís Éireann is this: that the assaults on Gaeilgeoírí are very often justified because, as I have said, they very often tie their flag to a mast which I would hack to the ground if I could. Although that is true, as a movement they are weak. They have not got the pulling or pushing power of other pressure groups. They do not draw enough water in Fine Gael, Labour or Fianna Fáil to make any real difference. Let me be quite honest about it: this House and country have seen in the past couple of months the Government — having issued a White Paper on taxation proposals — producing a further set of proposals which, while in no way departing from the principle of capital taxation, represented a very substantial modification of those proposals. We are not children and no one is going to make hay of this because everybody knows that one of the reasons behind that change was that the representations which the Government were getting from professional organisations, trade associations and other interests — all perfectly legitimate interests — were powerful ones and could not be ignored.

The Irish language lobby would not succeed in getting something like that done for itself. It is an easy dog to kick; it is an easy target. The Irish language lobby would not have knocked a halfpenny off the wealth tax but the massive reaction of individuals, political and trade organisations did so. When I see a body which represents, in no matter how distorted a form, something which the people who went before us worked and slaved for — even if they did not die for it — having to defend itself against attacks, I say to myself: With all their faults, these are people I should stand up for. I detest and abominate the tendency of these organisations to get involved in savagery. I will call it no other thing and I never have called it anything else; I have never put fine words on what is barbarous and shameful. I think the Irish language lobby has got itself mixed up with deeds and activities that would make one ashamed of being Irish and sometimes have made me ashamed of being Irish. But, when all that is said and done, these are people who, for the most part, are not in this effort for what they can get out of it. For the most part they represent a movement which is weak, which cannot bring all that much pressure to bear on a Government or Opposition; and that means that it should be defended by decent people; it should not be stamped on or stood on. It should be criticised; it should be checked; it is in no way immune from the world of criticism, opposition or hostility when it does, as I believe many of its representatives have done, ally itself with barbarism and savagery. If we can get away from that — and that is not easy; I do not want to get away from it; I realise the immediacy of people's lives and deaths must take precedence over what I am talking about — but if it is possible, in a time of agony such as that which we are now going through, to separate these things, the Irish language lobby would be far from being an object of laughter, which they are conventionally amongst the middle class — I will not put a tooth in it — the middle class and whatever comes under the middle class as well. There is no particular class in this country, high, middle or low, which has a completely clean sheet in regard to this. It has been sneered at by too many people too often and those who, for the most part, have worked and given their lives for nothing, for no reward, except for doing what they believed their fathers and grandfathers had worked for.

Whether it was only by contributing to the Irish Nationalist Party, the Redmondites, or going out and spilling their blood, these people deserve the support of this State and the ideals they stood for deserve the support of the State and the State broadcasting system. Even if it meant not a penny but five pence on the pint I would provide an all-Irish television and radio service, not impose it on people, not substitute it for the English language one, but as a choice or alternative. I know it cannot be done overnight and I am not trying to make small beer of what are very substantial difficulties.

I want to put on record what my feelings are on the matter: I am not ashamed of them and I think that many other people, if they devoted their minds to it, would be not far from agreeing with me.

The last thing I want to say concerns section 31 of the principal Act which has been used, for the most part, in order to prevent material of certain kinds being broadcast. The last Government — and it was a frequent matter of complaint from my point of view — when they wanted something broadcast or not broadcast, could make a telephone call and things did not go out, like the programme about the Mount Pleasant planning scheme which Mr. Boland did not want broadcast or like the programme about the Special Branch which the then Minister for Justice — I cannot remember who he was — did not want sent out. That was the end of that. This Government, so far as I am aware, make a practice — whenever they require something to be broadcast or not to be broadcast — of putting it on the record via a direction through section 31.

I should like to draw the attention of the House to the fact that section 31 has two subsections. One deals with the prohibition on the broadcasting of certain types of material and the other subsection, which is positive rather than negative, empowers the Minister who has collective responsibility with the whole Government to direct the broadcasting of certain material. At the risk of being called a fascist beast who wants to indoctrinate people, I believe that power has not been sufficiently used. I should like to see section 31 liberally used by the Government in regard to putting across messages about which, broadly speaking, there is no disagreement. The degree to which that is done at present is minimal. We get advertisements from the Department of Local Government — all credit to them — in regard to road safety and these are well made. There are advertisements — I do not think they are all that well made — in regard to smoking put out by the Department of Health; but at the risk of doing the unforgivable thing in modern Ireland and going a step beyond the English for a change, instead of trailing along on their coat tails and waiting for 20 years after they have done something, I should like to see the broadcasting service — I would wish to have a consensus about this; I would not want any Government to use this power in the teeth of what the Opposition were willing to accept — undertake the transmission of certain broad generalities in advertising form, and explicitly as such, under section 31, under direction of the Government through the Minister for Posts and Telegraphs.

There are large social problems here which go miles beyond anything as simple as the health problem regarding the tendency of smoking to give one heart disease or lung cancer. I believe these social problems might be responsive to large scale advertising provided it were not done in an offensive way. I do not want the Minister for Posts and Telegraphs or the Taoiseach to lecture people in the Castro mode with four hour speeches urging them to do good and avoid evil. But there are large-scale problems which I think would respond to positive direction. I believe it would have to be a consensus direction and it would be quite wrong if any Government were to put across a message which suited its own ideological book but was poison to the Opposition. I want to make that clear in case the idea ever becomes actual.

We all know that a family which is not, say, sufficiently equipped educationally to understand the consequences of getting into progressive debt and is not able to budget should be preserved from the consequences of excessive hire purchase commitments. I am certain Deputies opposite would agree about that.

I am grateful to Deputy Brugha for conceding that. We all agree about that. Why cannot we have programmes — I agree we are only a hairsbreadth away from paternalism, from quite ugly things to which I would be first to object — to put that message across? There are people educationally so handicapped or whose family background is so poor that they cannot see the consequences of landing themselves in hire purchase debt. I can see it as a Deputy, when they come to me, and so can Deputy Brugha and Deputies behind him and I know the despair it causes. I can see the consequences of improvidence; but what I cannot see is why the State is somehow debarred from taking an interest in this human weakness which produces such frightful social problems. I see families up to their necks in debt. There would never be such a thing as excessive money lending, let alone the 7 Days tribunal which occupied the public scene for months on end, if people were provident, trained to be provident, and if this was regarded as on of the ordinary virtues of a citizen, particularly of one with the responsibility of a family. I cannot see why there should not be section 31 directives to Telefís Éireann to broadcast programmes directed at making people budget in such a way that they did not land themselves in this kind of situation.

Many people are impervious to advertising of this kind but I should like to see it tried. There was a row in RTE about six years ago and three quite prominent people resigned from it and, having done so, they sat down and typed out a record and produced a book which gave their experiences in RTE, dressed up in a language more appropriate to the invasion of Normandy than the resignation of three broadcasters, but yet a most interesting and exciting book. They alleged that a programme which had been laid on by RTE to help consumers to spend their money properly had been taken off at the instance of commercial interests whose advertising they felt was being dented by this warning to viewers to be careful not to be taken in by such things as "3p off" and "4p off" and so on. I notice that the Broadcasting Review Committee was told — and I accept it — by RTE executives that that was not the reason for taking off this programme, that there were other reasons. But the committee acidly noted that that programme had not been replaced. In other words, whether these people were right or wrong in alleging that commercial pressure had resulted in the killing of this programme about consumer spending, trying to make people spend their money wisely, that programme is dead and has been dead for the past six years and there is nothing to replace it to show people how to spend wisely and not spend on cheap, perishable goods but in such a way that they will have something to show for it later.

That is a sad position. I believe it should not be left merely to the programme makers to devise programmes like that. I should like to hear from somebody what magic line there is which prevents the State from putting across a message like this. We know improvidence and thriftlessness cause severe social problems. Why cannot this important and effective medium be used to head them off if that can be done?

There is another matter even more difficult and delicate and in mentioning it at all I am leaving myself open to the charge of being a fascist of an even deeper dye, but it is something which, if not the cause is certainly the accompaniment and possibly a cause of severe social problems here. It is the rapidly decreasing marriage age.

Naturally, any Member of the House would be glad to see more Irish people rather than fewer married. We are glad the population trend has been reversed and that there is net immigration instead of emigration — I hope I shall not be misunderstood — but I notice that the people who come to see me in my little clinic with severe problems — usually housing but also other problems — are people who married at an age at which their parents would never have thought of getting married, very often when they did not know where they would lay their heads.

In the time of our parents or grandparents you would be thought highly improvident if you did this. I am not speaking about the Protestant ethic. Protestants have the name of being more careful and thinking of the morrow in a way Catholics have not — rightly or wrongly. But the ordinary Catholic in Ireland thought twice before undertaking a serious thing like matrimony. The 50 or 60-year-old bachelor was a stage joke. Of course, there was a strong economic dimension in this. These were reasons which go back to the Famine and beyond it. I think the Famine was recognised by the people who were alive then as being a consequence of the fantastic, sudden explosion of the Irish population between 1780 and 1840 when people got married when they were very young, subdivided their holdings and bred large families. That left a dreadful scar on the national conscience or memory, and possibly the delaying of matrimony afterwards had something to do with it. Certainly the kind of stage Irish bachelor, the 60-year-old who had been walking out for 20 years, was a legitimate figure of fun but there were plenty of other people, those in their thirties, who waited before they got married to see where they would lay their heads.

I hope I have the understanding of the House on this. I am not such a hard-hearted person as not to understand the call of the flesh and the heart, and I can perfectly well see that people who think they cannot live without each other must get married. Of course, the State must not prevent them and it owes a duty of charity and compassion to help them as far as possible but, at the same time, the crude experience of every public representative, of clergy and social workers, is that the younger the marriages are contracted the more problems they tend to create. Dublin Deputies such as Deputies Brugha, Fitzpatrick and others — and I am sure this can be said of Deputies from Kildare, Galway or elsewhere — will know of many cases where a woman of 21 or 22 years comes into their clinic looking for a corporation house. She may have two children, with another on the way, and living either with her mother or mother-in-law. There could be 13 or 14 people in a three-bedroomed corporation house; perhaps her own mother is not past the child-bearing age and both women could be pregnant simultaneously. Probably the mother's family is quite large, maybe there are sons of 20 or 21 who come in at night-time having had a few drinks and make life difficult for the children. The whole syndrome of overcrowding is intimately associated with a very low marriage age. While it is easy to be misrepresented or to be thought cold-hearted when protesting about this, the fact is that people who get married, who move into their parents' home, are a social problem almost immediately. Every Deputy knows this is true.

I cannot imagine what a television programme would look like if it were designed to head people off from that situation. I can well imagine it could be very indelicately and disgustingly handled if we had a programme that effectively told people not to get married. I do not want that to happen but, if the television service is going to do what the committee rightly thought it should do, attention should be paid to the large-scale social phenomena which have such deadly effects which all of us feel.

It is not just a case of the housing shortage. We could never build enough houses to keep up with this tendency if it went on indefinitely. I can see no rule of thumb that should prohibit this Minister, or any other Minister, from acknowledging that he has in his control a most powerful weapon of persuasion and instruction and this horrible social problem which grips hundreds of thousands of people could be averted or reduced if the vehicle which reaches their fireside every night were to contain some warning or instruction that would alert them to what is ahead of them. Even though the people may be only 20 or 21 years, time goes by very quickly and they may face the kind of situation I have outlined in 20 or 30 months' time.

I am quite well aware that what I am saying is open to misrepresentation but I know the gentlemen here will not do that to me. I should like to see television a good deal less shy, and I should like to see this Government, of the other crowd if and when they get into office——

I object to the use of the word "crowd".

I meant the Opposition. If this Government do not take the action I have suggested, I hope that if the Opposition get into office they will do so, that they will be less shy about trying to make out of the broadcasting service an instrument of instruction. I do not mean brainwashing or ideological tyranny but enlightenment for people instead of what it is at present.

Enough Deputies have complained about the terrible programmes on our television service, the canned muck about Scotland, with a Scottish fellow singing songs, horse operas from the Wild West and so on. I will not go into this area but my feelings can be imagined. Quite apart from that, television should be less shy in propagating a message among Irish people which would represent an honest consensus attempt to alleviate serious social problems and to sustain the national identity.

The national identity is there, provided the people can be protected from the effects of a lack of selfconfidence and feeling ashamed of themselves because all the forces of the modern world conspire to make them this way. If the television service could be more courageous it would have justified itself. When this Government were elected I had great hopes — I still have them — that we were going to do something not done before in a general way by any Government. I had thought we would march ahead of what they do in England. We are always looking over our shoulder at what the English are doing.

I think all Deputies will agree with the Parliamentary Secretary.

I accept we are not in disagreement about that. In all areas we tend to wait until the English do something, even if it is only the production of a seven-sided 50-pence piece, and then we copy it. Let us march ahead of them and not be afraid if someone says we are a crowd of prating Puritans or Fascists. There should be a consensus, so far as the broadcating service is concerned, regarding the necessity to sustain the national identity which is the only thing worth fighting and working for. I would sooner be an Englishman, be under the Union Jack, than live in a kind of fake country where the things which seemed important to our grandfathers have been forgotten. I am sure the Deputies on the far side do not disagree about that. If the service could be used to sustain that identity and to carry the social messages I have described it would deserve well of the people. What is needed is courage. By courage in this context is meant not waiting until the English do something, rather we should do it ourselves. That is the message I will give the Minister and I hope he and his Department will take it to heart.

I should like to compliment the Minister on the format of the notes presented to enable us to digest his Estimate. I found them most helpful and informative in that they outlined the varied functions of his Department.

One of the items that struck me most forcibly is the fact that the Department of Posts and Telegraphs pay out many millions of pounds annually but that there are very few cases of misappropriation of funds. I am sure it is the case that the evil men do is instantly publicised in these cases but the good is often interred with their bones. In the Department there is an excellent staff and certainly in my area the postman always comes on time.

The staff I know in the different sections of the Department are helpful and courteous. When you compare the attention you get from the Department with the attention you get from the Department of Social Welfare, the Department of Posts and Telegraphs come out very well. If letters were delayed as long as the issuing of cheques is delayed in the Department of Social Welfare there would be uproar. I compliment those who work in the Department. They are constantly at the beck and call of the public and they do their job well. Compliments are due to the Minister, too, on the courtesy he extended to me in all my dealings with him during the year. I must admit that when he took office I was not prejudiced in his favour. I did not expect the courtesy which he extended to me. During the course of the year the Minister improved on acquaintance.

The Department are used as a purchasing agency. I wonder have they a certain amount of freedom with regard to where they purchase? Is everything possible done to ensure that they buy and use Irish goods? We have a duty to set a headline and we should explore every avenue to ensure that so far as possible Irish goods are purchased.

A few years ago — before the Minister's time — I was involved in negotiations with the Department for the setting up of a Swedish firm here. There was some difficulty about getting a guarantee that a certain amount of the Department's requirements would be channelled through that firm or obtained from them. I am glad to say that they have set up here. This means that the expertise and the technical know-how we have can be utilised at home. In future we should try to produce the more sophisticated equipment which the Department require. A small firm in Kilcullen have acquired a contract to supply certain smallish items to the Department. This has led to the success of a small firm and the employment of more people in my county. More efforts like this are needed.

I was somewhat critical of the Minister when proposals were made to spend a very large sum of money in the next five years on the development of our telephone system. I compared the amount of money being made available through the European Investment Bank for the development of the telephone service with other areas which I considered deserved a higher priority, such as the sanitary services which are required in many areas. I suppose I should not quibble because the Minister is dealing with his own Department. I must compliment him on the success which has attended his efforts in securing this money for the development of the telephone service.

The service is bad. I have come around to the belief that good communications are essential to the development of the country and the establishment of industries. I was told at one time that the provision of a proper network of roads would help in the development of industry. This had not struck me but I am sure many counties in the west of Ireland would have more industries if the roads connecting Dublin with the west were better. Industrialists who come here are enticed to go to the west but when they travel as far as Kilcock and find that they are held up at every corner, I am sure they feel more like turning back than going on to see the new site. When they use our telephone service to make a local communication or to communicate with another country, they must feel the same.

We all realise that our present telephone system is outmoded and outdated. I compliment the Minister on getting this huge amount of £7½ million in the coming year, and more to come. To the ordinary people the provision of a telephone service, when they have not got one themselves, is not important. I do not know what the ratio of telephones to the population is. Ordinary people may not see any great need for telephones, but other Ministers who deal with matters affecting the every-day lives of people would do well to look about them for money for essential projects.

Every day I get letters from people asking that the installation of their telephone be expedited. If the House will bear with me I will read an extract from a letter I got today:

I am writing to you in desperation. I have recently opened a business of my own and I am plagued by the fact that I cannot obtain a telephone. I think you will appreciate how vital a telephone is in any business and to be without one for six months is disastrous. I am an auctioneer and nobody can get in touch with me except by mail. I first applied for a telephone when I was living in Dublin in August or September, 1972. Subsequently I moved to this address approximately six months later —

It is in the northern part of our county.

— but still no satisfaction. As well as there being an urgent business need the matter has been aggravated by the fact that neighbours on either side of me have had telephones installed despite the fact that they moved into the neighbourhood some months after me. I think this type of treatment is grossly unfair and I would implore you to do something for me as my business stands in jeopardy if I have no telephone.

That is a genuine letter which arrived in my post today and its sentiments would be re-echoed 100 times during the year by people who need a telephone.

It is bad enough to need a telephone but to feel that there is a political influence at work which could provide a telephone more quickly for somebody who did not need it as badly as an earlier applicant is very frustrating and aggravating. For all I know this attitude existed in the Department of Posts and Telegraphs long before the present Minister took office. He is a member of a Government who promised to do great things and he would be well-advised to ensure so far as he can that politics is taken out of his Department. I am confident that he knows this attitude exists. He must know it has existed in his own time. Political patronage should not exist in this area. The Government promised to remove it. I have evidence of people getting telephones in my own area through political pull. The Minister is aware of this too. He should apply himself to this and see to it that this policy which may not have originated with him — I am sure it did not — will cease.

I should like to bring the Minister back to a matter which I raised here at Question Time and subsequently on the Adjournment. It was the only occasion on which I ever raised a matter on the Adjournment. It is in my files still as unfinished business to some extent. I refer to the delay in the reconnection of a telephone to the man in charge of the fire brigade in Maynooth. The Minister will recall that in his answer to me at Question Time the excuse was given that there was an underground cable to the man in charge of the fire brigade while the veterinary surgeon who lived next door had an overhead cable. This was advanced as the reason for the delay. Subsequently, the Minister wrote to me and stated that he was misinformed and that that was not the reason for the delay. It seemed that the Minister had agreed that his investigations and the details on the file presented to him indicated that it was possible to cover up something that should not have happened and that he was misinformed on that occasion.

Has the Minister ever sorted out to his satisfaction why he was told that the phone was reconnected to the man in charge of the fire brigade on a Thursday? I am confident that the truth of the matter is that the phone was not reconnected until the following Saturday. I have spoken to the man involved and he remembers vividly that it was reconnected on a Saturday. He told me that he was watching an international rugby match on television with his son who is a priest in Dublin when an official from the Department of Posts and Telegraphs informed him that his phone was now working. That was on a Saturday. The Minister when he investigates something in his Department should not allow himself to be misinformed. A Minister's position should be such that he knows what is happening at ground level and that no amount of covering up will prevent him from finding the truth in matters like this.

I should now like to deal with the question of the provision of telephone kiosks in rural areas. The Minister has had a rash of inquiries about these during the year. I can recall that during his early days in the Department they caused him some annoyance. The regularity of the questions caused the Minister some annoyance but the monotony of the answers caused annoyance on our side of the House. If we examine this situation we will all agree that there is a case for a telephone kiosk in remote areas which are far removed from shops and other phones. In such areas the urgent need of a doctor, a priest or a veterinary surgeon means a long treck to a phone.

In my county we have chosen five areas, as part of a pilot scheme, and the county council have agreed to guarantee phones installed there against working loss during the year. I hope the scheme proves successful because in my view, it is worthwhile and should be encouraged. Because the council have given the Department a guarantee against working loss the Department are prepared to erect kiosks in these areas. I am confident that these kiosks will get the use that warrants their erection. If we show our young people that we have faith in them we will have less malicious damage to telephone kiosks.

When I write to the Department requesting the erection of a kiosk in a rural area I am fed back with the answer that there is a public coin box in the local sub-post office and that the amount of usage it gets does not warrant the erection of a further telephone kiosk. Deputies who are acquainted with rural areas and sub-post offices realise that there are often good reasons why the phone in the sub-post office does not get the use it should. Firstly, there is a great lack of privacy in such post offices. It is usual that the phone in such places is on the wall inside the entrance and one has to make a call while children buy ice pops at the counter and adults wait for the evening paper and purchase grocery items. It often happens that such people if they fail to obtain a copy of the evening newspaper are not short of news having listened to the telephone conversation. This matter should be looked into because in my view a public telephone provided in places other than the local sub-post office would be used to a greater extent.

While some members bemoan the fact that the postage is dear, I feel that when one looks at the increase in values all round it is not dear. It is wonderful that one can have a letter delivered the day after postage. By and large, we have a very good standard of delivery.

I should like the Minister to investigate the possibility of providing phones for disabled people. I have found the Minister helpful in this regard in individual cases. A phone would be of great assistance to those people who are disabled and have difficulty in contacting the outside world in emergencies.

Three years ago I made a complaint about the telex service here. I should like to know if the Minister's Department have received any complaints about this service and if the situation has improved in this regard. I should also like to know what the Minister proposes to do to improve this service in the future.

I should now like to deal with the attitude of our people towards saving. A savings bank is a very good idea and it should be promoted to a greater extent in all our schools. The foundation laid in the schools should be followed on in after life. I believe that our people differ very much in this regard from the continentals in that we have not a great desire for thrift. With inflation running so high maybe those who are not of a thrifty mind are as well off as those who save, but every encouragement should be given to people to provide for the future. Young people should be encouraged to save at an early age so that they can make provision for the day when they need a house. In Germany it is customary for young boys and girls when they start work to put by a certain portion of their pay for the house which they will require later. In my own county where people would prefer to take a chance of backing a 50 to 1 winner it would be difficult to inculcate this type of virtue but the Department of Posts and Telegraphs, and other Departments, should give people a greater incentive to save.

(Dublin Central): And higher interest rates.

Whatever about that aspect, every effort should be made by way of extra concessions to encourage saving so that there would be a pool of ready money at the disposal of the Government, a pool of money such as was not available to them at the time they floated the last loan. Returns for savings last year show an increase of only £0.3 million on the previous year. That is a very significant increase and would not as much as counteract the effects of inflation. I would impress on the Minister and on every other Minister involved the need to ensure the encouragement of a policy of saving both in the primary and post-primary schools as well as in factories and other places of work. Many organisations operate savings schemes of one type or another but the efforts in this direction should be co-ordinated to a much greater extent and we should explore every avenue open to us in our efforts to encourage people to save.

The Parliamentary Secretary to the Taoiseach spoke of the dangers of hire purchase and of the desire of putting before the people a programme that would alert them to these dangers. Perhaps a worthwhile programme on saving would be as effective as the type envisaged by the Parliamentary Secretary. The Parliamentary Secretary was concerned also because of evidence he has regarding a lowering of the marriage age. This is something new in our country but it is not a matter about which I would worry unduly. However, I was perturbed at this reference to Catholics and Protestants and to his statement that Protestants are not as prone to rushing into marriage as are Catholics. It would be dangerous for anyone to generalise in this regard. For example, if one were to generalise about the representatives of my constituency where I am the only one who is married while the other two are bachelors and are members of the National Coalition one could draw the same sort of conclusion about the Government party and about Fianna Fáil. I suppose some wit would say that I have made up for the tardiness of the other two.

The Department would be doing a good day's work in encouraging young people to save for the future, in particular to save for homes of their own, regardless of when they would have need of their own houses.

I would not be too concerned either with the previous speaker's anxiety regarding big families and the fact that grandmothers and mothers might be having children at the same time. This should be no great worry in a country that has a population of only three million people. However, should that be a source of anxiety a remedy could be found by raising the legal age at which one could be married. Our biggest problem remains the number of bachelors in our country.

During this debate last week Deputy Blaney spoke of the lack of publicity which he received and he accused us on this side of the House of whimpering. I hear nobody whimpering in this regard but the Deputy. He should realise that he is one Deputy out of 144 as is each one of us here. No doubt the Deputy will be given more publicity than will be given to me but, perhaps, if I made some out-landish statements of the type that he is prone to make, I would be given publicity, too. The Deputy said also that it was shameful that the situation in this House is such that in regard to many matters the Government party and the party to which I belong find common ground and that Deputy Blaney is the only one who disagrees with us. I have no sense of shame in that regard. It would be well for Deputy Blaney to analyse why the views he expresses do not get more support in the country and why those who supported him in the past do so no more. Perhaps he experiences a sense of shame in that all the other flowers have gone and, like the last rose of summer, he is left blooming alone.

Deputy Blaney mentioned, too, that there was a weakening of the people and the Parliamentary Secretary appeared to agree with him. I do not see any reason why the voice that differs from the general body of opinion should be given an equal share of space in the media as any other. Although it is important that the views of each side should be made known, I should hope that the number of agnostics in this country would form only a small minority but if a person should wish to express the view that there is no God he could hardly expect to be given the same publicity as those of us who believe that there is a God. To follow on that, possibly the views expressed recently by Lord Arran would represent his views only. The only sentiment of his with which I would agree would be the delight he expressed when he said that he had not a drop of Irish blood in his veins because I would share his delight to that extent. However, I do not think that Lord Arran should expect to be given equal coverage with everyone else.

In the nature of things those who are extremists in their views get the most publicity because they make news while those who express the views of the ordinary people are given very little publicity. No one wants to hear of a case of the dog biting the man.

I should like to deal now with the attitude of the Minister to Irish culture. There is a volume of opinion and I think the Parliamentary Secretary subscribed to this, but not directly, that we have a right and a duty to demonstrate that to be Irish is not merely to be English. It is right and proper that our distinct identity and our Gaelic culture — by that I do not mean Cultúr na Gaeltachta — would be exemplified in our Irish language, in our dancing and in our music. Of course, we have had many famous writers in the English language. We should not lose our particular brand of Irishness. The Parliamentary Secretary expressed this is a much better way than I am capable of doing. He mentioned that his children seem to await the English and the American way of life on the screen. I notice the same tendency all around me. It should never be necessary for us to have to apologise for being Irish or for pursuing our Irish ideals.

The Minister's image throughout the country, so far as I am aware, is one that raises a doubt regarding our attitude towards our Irish culture and our distinctive Irish way of life. In some ways one is afraid that this attitude might find its way on to our television and radio programmes and that there will be portrayed on the media a way of life that we do not wish for. My personal view is that if the attitude of the Minister is followed, it would succeed only in making us a mere province of England. It would appear that the Minister would wish us to suppress any feelings of nationalism that we may have even in so far as our songs and commemoration of past events are concerned.

A number of questions were asked about the future design of our stamps. On that occasion reference was made to a design which had something to do with a rugby motif. It was suggested that a rugby rather than a nationalistic emblem would be the right one. I mentioned to the Minister that, perhaps, adopting a rugby emblem might be dangerous because a certain element of apartheid could creep in. He did not see the point then but, perhaps, he sees it now. Who designs our stamps? Do we bring in foreign experts? Do we let our own people do it? As a nation, we are supposed to have an imaginative flair. Our stamps should portray our ideas.

Are our news programmes geared to being seen in England? During the last fortnight an English journalist came here and hoped to hear some of the debates from the Press gallery. He was not allowed into the Press gallery. He went to the public gallery but was not allowed to take notes. Therefore what he got was only second hand. Can our radio and TV service be beamed to the public in England so that they can hear the real truth? Have the events of the past fortnight been told to those people? Have they heard the real truth? As everybody knows, the ordinary English people have a sense of justice. Are they aware that their Prime Minister and the British Army reneged on their duty in the North by allowing the loyalists to run the country for the past fortnight? The might of the British Empire after a fortnight's inactivity could only succeed in turning their soldiers into petrol pump attendants.

This is not relevant.

I will leave that matter although I was about to ask if they were going to give out green shield or orange shield stamps.

The standard of the programmes on radio and television is very good. Sports gets a good coverage. Since Mícheál O'Hehir left there seems to have been a shifting of emphasis in racing, especially from Punchestown. The Punchestown races had a place in our lives and I should like to know why television coverage was discontinued. I know we have money difficulties. I agree with Deputy Brugha when he spoke of our small population and the small return we get from licences in comparison with other countries which have a larger population. We are dependent on advertisements, and more is the pity. While it may be expensive, we should try to show more home produced programmes rather than the canned variety. Programmes with a local flavour have proved to be good and they are what the people want. I refer particularly to "The Riordans" which is high in the Tam ratings. We have always assumed that we have a certain amount of talent for acting. Why can we not channel this ability into studios such as Ardmore and produce programmes which could be sold abroad? In that way we would be showing the Irish way of life. This could also help our flagging tourist trade. Home produced programmes are best. Apart from the monetary reason, I cannot see why 75 per cent of our programmes should be a replica of what is seen on American and British screens. Any visitor coming from America or Britain looking at television would not be aware for most of the time that they are tuned into an Irish channel.

Every year there are amateur dramatic competitions held throughout the country. Possibly I have a vested interest in mentioning this. The group which won the All Ireland urban section came from Naas. The group which won the All Ireland rural section also came from Rathangan, County Kildare. With a little co-operation, surely it would be possible to have extracts, if not the whole play, seen on our screens. If this were done every year, it would be a great boost for amateur dramatics. It could also be the means of providing programmes which would not cost very much.

Over the past 11 or 12 years television has become a way of life. It has done wonders for the old, infirm and people who cannot go into the outside world. Of course, it has changed the Irish way of life. While it may be good for lonely people, it has changed the way of life in ordinary homes. Once television is switched on conversation stops and card playing is no longer known. We should all be very much aware of the fact that television can set a standard of values, behaviour, outlook and actions. We have in television, as the previous speaker said, a powerful weapon which can be used for good or bad. I suppose in general the influence over the past few years has been good. If we examine means of improving it we could easily find them.

It is a pity that certain parts of the country still have black spots. It must be a great frustration when people have not good reception in their homes. I know that efforts are being made to change this. I believe that to provide a second channel would cost £3 million in one year. I do not know if this is possible but I hardly think it will happen this year. Open broadcasting will probably cost £10 million. That is not likely to happen for many years.

People in Leinster and the castern parts of the country have BBC reception at the moment. There is a demand that people in the rest of the country should have it too. Is there any possibility that our programmes could be seen in Britain? If we are to be subjected to BBC influence, we should expect something comparable. I would never agree that we should give our channel to the BBC. We would reach the stage where we would have no control over what is being beamed to our people if we give away our authority. It can be said that BBC programmes are being beamed to the people in the eastern part of the country at the moment, but there is no official recognition of that. What the Minister has in mind would be likely to give official recognition to that. The effect would be that we would lose our identity still more. Therefore, it is important that we should control our own broadcasting.

I have every sympathy with the views expressed by the Parliamentary Secretary with regard to our attitude to Irish. He complimented me when speaking on the budget and referred to the fact that some of the tax which now causes the price of petrol to be so high should be taken off and the taxation could go on the price of beer, spirits and cigarettes. I remember he mentioned at the time that that was a grave statement to make. Tonight it is even more grave when he has openly suggested that we should provide more money to encourage the Irish language. It is not something we should stifle in any way. We should be proud to have it. I share his views on certain hardliners in the movement of Gaelgeoirí who would try to shove their views down people's necks. I think he has the right attitude when he mentions that we should be prepared to pay. We should be prepared to raise taxation in order to promote Irish. He was very insistent on that. I would like to feel that the views expressed by the Parliamentary Secretary will find an echo in the heart of the Minister. I would ask the Minister not to contribute to the downgrading of anything that is traditionally Irish. We have already evidence that Irish is to play a lesser role in our schools. Reference has been made to the revision of the Irish history books. I do not see how anybody could write the history of Ireland without telling about the 800 years of persecution and 800 years of the struggle to survive.

The Minister gave the impression that he does not want Irish and is not very enamoured of the Irish language or culture. I would say to him that he should not sell our birthright for a mess of pottage or, in the case of broadcasting, for potted or canned messes, as the case may be. That is what we will get if we are subjected to this mass culture from outside.

The Parliamentary Secretary mentioned why the Irish language lobby did not carry much weight with any of the political parties. There is not enough of them to form a pressure group. They did not draw enough water in the Labour Party, Fine Gael or Fianna Fáil. He mentioned in a comparison that the taxation proposals in the budget, when they were faced with another and stronger group, were affected. What happened? I would agree with him entirely there. The farming group carried enough water to ensure that the wealth tax proposals and other proposals were well diluted before they appeared in their final form. It is debatable whether they have departed in any way from the Minister's original intention.

What would have happened if the Fine Gael ArdFheis had not been postponed?

"Dilution" is a good word. I mentioned that there are many people in the Irish movement who cannot see anything but right in their ways. I would agree with the previous speaker on that. Some years ago I was asked to sign a document about letting the Irish language live. Being a teacher I have spent many years of my life giving the kiss of life to the language. I did not feel it was necessary for me to sign any document to show my grádh for the language. The action of the Gaelgeoirí is to be understood when it is understood that there is a pressure group on the other side also. I refer to the Language Freedom Movement. They see no good at all in Irish. So far as Irish is concerned they want to extend very little freedom to it. The hardliners in the Gaelgeoirí movement can be understood when one compares them with the hardliners on the other side. What we have in mind is some middle way. The Minister should look for such a way, a way where we would be prepared to pay, if necessary, to encourage Irish.

In conclusion, I should like to say that the Department of Posts and Telegraphs is one which we take for granted. It is like our bottle of milk which appears at the door every morning. The Post Office are concerned with the payment of money at regular intervals. Very seldom, if ever, do they fall down on the job. They are working as an agency for different Departments. Many of the servants in that Department carry out their everyday duties in an exemplary way and are completely unsung. I wish to conclude by paying tribute to the good work done by those people.

The work of the Department of Posts and Telegraphs is, to a large extent, not a matter of critical controversy. Now and again, in a field like RTE, where the RTE Authority were dismissed in November, 1972, their function becomes noticeable. That is not generally the case. The work of the Minister is concerned with improving the services of his Department. I wish to discuss these services under separate headings.

The telephone services come to mind first. These services are very poor. The reason they are poor is probably a reflection of the progress and growth of our economy. Surely the demands for telephones are directly related to the growth in the welfare of the community and the expansion of business, industry and agriculture.

Be that as it may, the expansion of the telephone service has not kept pace with the demands for the service. It is a pity. In saying that I would certainly welcome the Telephone Capital Act, 1973, which provides for expenditure of £175 million over the next five years in order to expand and improve the telephone service. This is a move in the right direction and is to be welcomed. It was certainly overdue. Perhaps if this massive step forward had been taken five years earlier the telephone service would not be as poor as it now is. I hope that the matter will be improved.

There are two aspects of this subject which I feel should be kept in mind. By far the more important one is the establishment of an automatic dial subscriber service between Ireland, Britain and the Continent. It is in this area that there has been a massive increase in the demand for service. It has been my experience that there have been inordinate and undue delays, for whatever reason, in getting a telephone connection either from Ireland to England and the European countries, or from these places to Ireland. I welcome in that context the establishment of the new international exchange. This is a step in the right direction. I am pleased, too, to note there has been an improvement in the service between Ireland and the United States. This is certainly welcome. In relation to internal developments the sooner we can go on to complete the automatic service the better it will be. People who have to go through a local exchange to ring up a neighbour four miles away feel they are second-class citizens compared with their urban counterparts who can take up a telephone and dial direct. The sooner we have a completely automatic system the better.

There are problems in relation to kiosks. I appreciate that a great deal of damage is done every year to public kiosks. I know the Minister is in favour of establishing kiosks or booths, if at all possible, in private houses and shops. That is a good move. In newly-developed urban areas there is need for a sufficient number of kiosks as soon as the estates are developed. The Minister might pay some attention to this.

I was wondering if the whole service from the point of view of telephones, telegrams and telex should not be handed over to a private corporation to be run on business lines similar to the operation of the telephone company in the United States. Such a company could have State-guaranteed capital but work as a private company outside the ambit of the Civil Service altogether. This would be a desirable move. It would probably increase efficiency and thereby provide a better service. There is always delay when the Civil Service is involved because civil servants have to examine and be satisfied before they can recommend sanction. Everything must be in order in accordance with rules and regulations and that tends to slow down unnecessarily much needed development. It is because of that I suggest a private company which might have regional offices and far more autonomy than exists at the moment in the Department. That would be a positive step, one which should increase the efficiency of the service.

In relation to providing adequate accommodation for personnel, a blatant example of how slowly great bodies move comes to mind in the case of the proposed building of an office block in Waterford city. The site has been vacant for so many years now that no one knows for what it is available; it is, in fact, available to house the staff of the GPO and other departmental sections. It is over a decade, I think, since the site was procured. It is now a derelict site. I do not know to what it is a monument, possibly to inefficiency. Some sane person should come along and finalise the plans and get on with the job. My information is that the reason why the site has not been developed is simply because of red tape. In a developing centre like Waterford the provision of adequate office accommodation for the various staffs is imperative. I urge the Minister to look into this immediately with a view to finalising and sanctioning the building of the proposed office block. It would certainly not be before its time.

I have come across far too many substandard post offices with the staffs working in Victorian conditions. They have not been improved since the turn of the century. There should be a planned development and modernisation of all post offices. Certainly the Waterford city post office could be modernised and given a face lift. The Minister is aware of a request from the people of Tramore, the commissioners and Waterford County Council to establish a State run post office in Tramore. This demand is justified. Tramore, especially in the summer months, needs a prestige post office. The volume of business during six months of the year at least warrants the establishment of a State run properly staffed post office. I ask the Minister to examine the possibility of establishing such a post office in Tramore.

I have no complaints about deliveries of letters and parcels. I find delivery quite adequate and I compliment the staff concerned. I am not aware of any volume of criticism, which is a good thing.

I would like to see the establishment of the proposed council. It would act as a watchdog and in doing so provide a useful service and perform a useful role in the development of the services given by the Post Office.

With regard to Radio Telefís Éireann, I welcome the proposed cable television service initiated by the Minister. I congratulate him on this move and I look forward to a very speedy introduction of this service in areas where it is both economic and feasible. I know the Minister is examining certain applications in relation to Waterford and Cork and I would like him to announce the results of these applications as soon as possible in order to assure the people that we are indeed going to have cable television. It is always disappointing for me when I come to Dublin to discover there is such a wide choice of programmes here, programmes which are not available except in certain areas along the eastern seaboard and those bordering on Northern Ireland. If possible this wide choice of programmes should be extended. The introduction of a second channel is welcome though there is a move down the country for an assurance that, rather than have one station only through the second channel, there would be a choice of stations or at least a variety of programmes from different stations. I know this may be difficult but I would ask the Minister to ensure that wherever possible the widest choice of programme be made available throughout Ireland. In relation to programmes available from RTE, I feel we need better quality Irish-made programmes. Compared with good quality canned programmes imported from England and America, our own programmes do not stand up to the test of quality. I do not say that in an overall situation but, time and again, we have inferior productions which are most disappointing.

I wonder if the Minister would carry out a survey in Dublin to ascertain how many people look at RTE as opposed to BBC 1, BBC 2 or ITV, and how many hours they spend looking at RTE compared with the other stations. I should imagine the Minister would be very disappointed with the percentage of people who viewed RTE rather than the other stations. Of course, this is a competitive game in certain respects. In Dublin RTE is competing with the British stations, ITV and Northern Ireland, and people naturally will turn on the best entertainment. By "best entertainment" I do not mean what one might call bawdy or cheap entertainment, but they will turn to the channel which they feel gives them the best news coverage, the best current affairs coverage and the best entertainment in the widest sense. I would suggest that RTE does not fare too well when compared with other stations. I wonder if the Minister would carry out such a survey and I wonder what RTE feels is the case.

There should be more programmes of provincial interest put on RTE television. Far too many of the programmes are based on Dublin repertory, Dublin actors and actresses. There is much talent in the country which is not being tapped. The last speaker mentioned the amateur drama field. That is a fair comment. People in the provinces would be far more interested in Telefís Éireann if there were more programmes of local interest. An improvement could be effected in this field.

Concerning advertising, I am not too happy with the current emphasis on the advertisement of drink. When I look at RTE, every 15 minutes or so I feel I am going to be bombarded with advertisements for drink. I would not be at all adverse to banning drinking advertisements on RTE. While I am aware there would be a substantial loss in revenue, I wonder if the loss could not be recouped out of a subvention directly from State funds not connected with the licence. The present emphasis on drinking advertisements is detrimental to young people especially. The Minister should curtail drink advertisements or, if not, consider banning them altogether.

I agree fully with the Minister's proposal or suggestion that RTE should be available throughout Northern Ireland as well as the Republic and that BBC Northern Ireland should be available throughout the Republic. This would be a desirable thing. Indeed, I would not be averse to having RTE available in England — although perhaps the expense of doing this would be excessive — if that were technically and financially possible. I travel a fair amount as a member of the Council of Europe. I visit most European capitals now and again and I am certainly aware of the publicity which the British Press, especially, and British Government officials get in Europe. I am satisfied that the British point of view is always put forward very strongly. I am not satisfied that the Irish point of view is portrayed adequately, especially on the Continent, but also in Britain. There is a biased reporting of Northern Ireland affairs in Britain which spills over also into the continental news media. Anything we could do to correct this would be very desirable.

I do not wish to enter into a discussion on the Broadcasting Review Committee's proposals. I am not altogether in agreement with the proposal to set up a commission. We have far too many committees and commissions, advisory committees and so on. The present authority, properly constituted and working, are sufficient to run RTE, both radio and television. I am glad to note that the Minister intends to remove section 6 from the Act and give broader scope so far as a motion must be passed by both Houses before the removal of the authority can be affected. I feel it was a mistake to disband the RTE Authority in November, 1972. It was unnecessary; it was like trying to crack a nut with a sledgehammer. It was politically bad and I think has done the image of Government/State-body relationships a certain damage. I hope that will never be repeated. It is something I should not like to see repeated under a National Coalition Government.

I think the Minister's task lies more in providing better services, in improving technical services and improving television, radio, postal and television services in an economic and futuristic way. He would have the support of this House in so doing.

Finally, if we can, say, in a year's time, introduce a cable television service, this would be a very good step and one which would be welcomed throughout the country. If we can improve the telephone service within the foreseeable future this also would be a positive contribution to the development of the Irish economy.

Ag breathnú ar Mheastachán an Aire seo, tá beagnach dhá scór duilleog ann uilig. Níor thug an tAire ach líne agus cheithre fhocal do Radio na Gaeltachta. Caithfidh mé a rá go bhfuil mé an mhí-shásta leis sin. Má táimid dáiríre faoi theanga na tíre seo, faoi chainteoirí Gaeilge na tíre seo, feictear dom go mba cheart rud éigin a bheith leagtha amach faoi Radio na Gaeltachta.

Ní hé sin an t-aon tagairt amhain atá ann do Radio na Gaeltachta. Tá tagairtí eile ann.

Tá a fhíos agam ach níl aon airgead leagtha amach agat sa Mheastachán agus sin é an fá go bhfuil mé ag clamhsán faoi. Má táimid dáiríre faoi theanga na tíre seo agus faoi Radio na Gaeltachta ba cheart go mbeadh airgead leagtha amach agus go mbeimíd in ann cláracha an radio seo a scaipeadh ar fud na tíre uilig. Ní bhíonn Radio na Gaeltachta le cloisint ach dhá uair gach oíche sa tseachtain — óna seacht go dtí a naoi. Ba cheart uair ar a laghad a bheith ann ar maidin, cúpla uair ag am dinnéir agus óna chúig um thráthnóna go dtí a naoi. Dá ndeanfaí é sin do bheadh níos mó daoine ag éisteacht leis námar atá i láthair na huaire, mar ní chuile dhuine is féidir bheith ag éisteacht leis óna seacht go dtí a naoi san oíche, go mór mhór gasúraí óga nó daoine atá ag plé le leabhair scoile nó rudaí den sort sin. Más féidir leis an Aire an rud a mhol mé a chur i bhfeidhm beidh mé buíoch de.

Ba cheart níos mó Gaeilge a bheith ar Thelefís Éireann. Tá mé ag caint ar seo le trí nó le cheithre bhliain anuas.

Maidir leis na boscaí telefóin atá sna tithe phoist, ba cheart chuile cheann acu sin a bheith thaobh amuigh mar tá chuile theach phoist ar fud na tíre, go mór mhór amuigh faoin tír, dúnta ar a sé a chlog um thráthnóna. Tá a fhios agam go leor áiteacha i gConamara atá i bhfad ón dochtúir agus i bhfad ón dtréidlia. Luaigh mé áit amháin — Caiseal — an bhliain seo caite. Tá na daoine ansin i bhfad ón dochtúir, cuid acu beagnach scór míle agus cuid eile scór míle ó dhochtúir na mbeithíoch. Dá mbéifí in ann glaoch ó bhosca telefóin ón dtaobh amuigh bheadh sé níos éasca ag na daoine agus bheadh se níos féiliúnaí ag na daoine dul ansin ná dul go dtí aon áit eile. Tá a fhios agam go dtiocfaidh tú thar n-ais leis an bhfreagra go bhfuil go leor, leor guthán ag daoine a bhfuil tithe ósta acu nó ag daoine atá ag coinneáil cuairteoirí. B'fhéidir go mbeadh chuile dhuine ag éisteacht leo, an rud atá i gceist acu nó rud ar bith eile mar sin. Más féidir leo dul isteach san mbosea telefóin atá taobh amuigh de theach an phoist ní bheidh aon duine ag éisteacht leo. Tá a fhios agam go bhfuil ceann taobh amuigh de theach an phoist ar an gCeathrú Rua. Tá ceann eile taobh amuigh de theach an phoist i gCarna. Tá súil agam nach gceapfaidh an tAire go bhfuil mé ag déanamh an-chlamhsáin faoi. Níl iontu seo ach na pointí atá ardaithe liomsa ó dhaoine im cheantar gur ceart na boscaí seo bheith taobh amuigh. Ní chosnóidh sé mórán na boscaí seo a chur taobh amuigh agus ní bheadh aon duine ag éisteacht leis na daoine. Tá áit eile ann atá i bhfad ó bhaile agus sé an teach posta is giorra dó ar thaobh amháin Mám. Tá sé 15 mile ar a laghad uaidh agus tá áit eile fós ó dheas atá 11 míle nó mar sin uaidh. Má theastaíonn rud éigin ó na daoine ins na bailte úd san óiche ní chuile dhuine a bhfuil carr acu agus tá siad fágtha amuigh.

Labhair mé faoi rud éigin eile an bhliain seo caite líne a fháil ó Chorr na Móna go dtí an Mám. Níl i gceist ach tuairim is dhá mhíle go leith. Má theastaíonn ó dhuine scéal a chur go dtí an Mám caithfidh sé dul trí Chlar Cloinne Mhuiris, síos go Cathair na Mart agus chomh fada leis an Mám — trí scór míle ar a laghad. B'fhéidir go ndéanfadh an tAire dul isteach sa cheist sin chun go mbeidh an scéal scioptha ó Chorr na Móna go dtí an Mám.

Labhair mé an bhliain seo caite freisin faoi seo agus is rud é seo gur ceart don Aire breathnú air. Má phostálann tú litir anseo i mBaile Átha Cliath suas go dtí a trí an chlog sa ló ba cheart é sin a bheith ar fud na tíre lá arna bháireach. Rinne mé scrúdú ar an rud seo leo dhá bhliain anuas gur anseo i mBaile Átha Cliath atá an mhoill. Níl a fhios agam an feidir leis an Aire an scéal a réiteach. Má phostálann tú litir suas go dtí a tri a chlog anseo sa Dáil nó suas go dtí a cheathair a chlog tá chuile thraen ag imeacht ar fud na tíre — go Coreaigh, go Portláirge, go Ciarraí, go Gaillimb, go Maigheo, go Sligeach agus tá chuile cheann acu sin idir a sé agus a hocht san oíche. Bailíonn fear an phoist na litreacha agus tugann sé leis iad go dtí oifig an phoist. Oibrítear ar na litreacha ansin agus cuirtear an post amach an mhaidín dar gcionn. Téann na litreacha amach i gcás na Gaillimhe ar a sé a chlog ar maidin go dtí leath uair tar éis a seacht agus tá siad imithe amach an lá céanna. Tá súil agam, a Aire, go mbreathnóidh tú isteach sna cúrsaí féachaint an mbeidh tú in ann aon dheifriú a dhéanamh faoi sin.

Luaigh tú freisin faoi carannaí maidir leis na fir phoist. Tá mé ag ceapadh go ndúirt tú in áit éigin anseo go rabhthas ag dul ar aghaidh le níos mó i mbliana ná mar a rinneadh an bhliain seo caite. Is maith an rud é sin. Is í an bhliain 1974 atá ann, agus ní ceart ligint do na fir phoist dul thart ar laethanta dona gan aon éadach ceart orthu, fliuch báite go dtí an craiceann. Ba cheart na vananna beaga seo a dhéanamh níos compórdúla. Tá áiteacha ina bhfuil vananna agus áiteacha eile nach bhfuil. Tá na rothair iontu fós. Bliain go leith nó mar sin ó shin chuir mé scéala chuig an Roinn faoi cheann thiar ó Conamara agus bhí sé réidh an t-am sin go mbeadh van ann faoi cheann trí nó cheithre mhí agus tá sé ansin mar sin fós. Duradh liom go mbeadh an van ann. Ba mhaith liom dá dtéadh an tAire ar aghaidh chomh luath in Éirinn agus is féidir leis é chun na vananna beaga seo a thabhairt do chuile fhear phoist. Ba mhaith liom mo bhuíochas a ghabháil le chuile dhuine a raibh baint aige leis an bpost. Thugadar seirbhís dhílis don tír seo agus tá buíochas an Tí seo ag dul dóibh.

Ba mhaith liom freisin mo bhuíochas a ghabháil leis na cailíní atá ag obair thíos anseo san oifig. Is minic a chuireamar isteach orthu maidir le glaonna telefóin.

Ní raibh mé anseo an tseachtain seo caite nuair a d'fhreagair an tAire ceist a chur mé síos maidir leis an gceadúnas telefíse. D'iarr mé air dhá leath a dhéanamh de. Is é a bhí i gceist agam daoine a bheith ann nach bhfuil acu ach cúpla púnt sa tseachtain agus tá an ceadúnas úr roint trom orthu. Bheadh sé níos éasca ag an dream seo é a íoc faoi dhó sa bhliain.

Tá go leor leor daoine istigh ar ghutháin faoi láthair. Cúpla mí ó shin chuala mé fear ag clamhsán. Níl a fhios agam cé mhéid airgid a d'ioc sé maidir leis an ghuthán ach tuairim is sé mhí ina dhiaidh sin ní raibh aon ghuthán fáite aige. Bhí Roinn an Aire ag déanamh airgid as airgead an fhir sin. Ní ceart don Aire an t-airgead a iarraidh ar na daoine seo go mbéifear beagnach réidh leis an nguthán a chur isteach. Má chuireann daoine isteach ar ghuthán teipeann ar dhochtúirí, ar shagairt, ar Theachtaí Dála nó ar Sheanadóirí. Tá mé ag ceapadh go bhfuil mé ceart ansin. Má tá oifigeach Airm as baile agus gur mhaith leis glaoch ar a bhean chun a chur in iúl di nach bhfuil sé gortaithe nó a leithéid sin, chítear dom gur cheart é bheith ar an liosta fresin mar tá sé an-thábhachtach go mbeadh sé in ann scéala a chur abhaile.

Má théann tú isteach i mbosca telefóin agus má chasann tú roth an telefóin gheibheann tú freagra ón malartán telefóin. Iarrtar ort: "An uimhir, más é do thoil é". Tugann tú an uimhir. Má thugann tú uimhir fhir éigin eile go bhfuil guthán aige, an bhfuil aon seans go gcuirfear sin síos in aghaidh fhir éigin eile san áit sin? An bhfuil aon réiteach déanta i leith na gcúrsaí sin?

Tá súil agam go raghaidh an tAire ar aghaidh leis an gclár automaiticiúil chomh luath agus is féidir.

I should like to congratulate the Minister on his wonderful approach to the whole question of broadcasting. It is a great thing for the country that we have a Minister who is prepared to say out loud what he is really thinking. It is refreshing that at times his comments draw worthwhile criticism from people in all walks of life. He is big enough to accept criticisms if they are valid and to reject them if they are not.

It is fair to say that we have inherited a legacy that parliamentarians have the power to give a telephone to a man if he writes to us. This is a legacy men in public life have inherited, possibly through their own fault. We should tell the public at large that they will have to take their place in the queue and that no one can jump the queue. This would relieve everybody in the House of a fantastic amount of correspondence. I do not want it to be taken from my remarks that I do not want to entertain these representations. Far from it, but people should be told that each person must take his place in the queue for a telephone and that there will be no favouritism and no patronage.

It is unfortunate that at this point in time there should be a breakdown in our telephone system in certain parts of the south west. I do not know the pros and cons of the dispute, but some post offices are not available for the use of the telephone or to take telephone calls, and this is causing grave inconvenience, and did so in my peninsula over the Whit weekend. The public are not aware of the cause of the dispute. The Department should have advertised in the local papers and in the weekly, daily and Sunday papers, that there would be inconvenience and that people could go to another telephone box seven or eight miles away. This information was not made available to the public and it was unfortunate that that should have been the case. I do not know if this is a union dispute but I hope there will be an early settlement.

There is a wealth of information in the notes provided by the Minister for Deputies. Speaking as a man from the Gaeltacht, I am disappointed to find that no dialling system is being provided for the Kerry Gaeltacht. I know the Minister is slow to promise anything but perhaps he could tell us when such a dialling system will be introduced.

I now come to a hardy annual in this House, the provision of a telephone system for the people in the Black Valley in Killarney. These people live seven or eight miles up the valley and are as entitled to have a telephone for use in emergencies as are other people in any other part of the country. They live off a rough, unsurfaced road and if they require a doctor, a priest or a veterinary surgeon they face the difficult task of having to go down to the valley. I am aware that this matter has been treated as a play-toy by politicians for many years but nevertheless the people are entitled to this service. This part of the south-west is isolated but with modern radio techniques it should not be very difficult for the Minister to give them the service they require.

I am pleased that the Minister dealt in depth with the question of staff training. I found it very refreshing that when five posts were advertised in my area recently more than 200 young boys applied. This is an indication that the youth regard the job in the post office as a lucrative one.

On many occasions I have asked about television reception in west Kerry. I am aware that the Minister and the Opposition spokesman on Posts and Telegraphs, Deputy Brugha, spend their holidays in west Kerry and I feel sure that they are aware that many areas do not receive Telefís Éireann. Reception in some parts of the peninsula is very haphazard and it does not take a storm to put the Caherciveen station out of action. I accept that this is in a very exposed place but I feel sure that it is possible to do something about the matter. Deputy Colley, when he was Minister for Finance, said he was thinking of putting a booster station on the Dingle peninsula. Perhaps the Minister will see the light and give us that booster.

I should also like to compliment the Minister on putting forward the suggestion of a second channel for RTE. It is only right and proper that the people in the south-west and west should have the same privileges as the people on the east coast. When I spoke on the Estimate for this Department last year I suggested that the licence fee for the people in the south-west should be cheaper than the fee paid by those on the east coast. That suggestion did not go down well but it should be remembered that the people in my part of the country have not half the facilities those living on the east have. In fact, they do not get any reception at times.

I welcome the decision to give free television licences to old age pensioners and I would like the Minister to investigate the possibility of giving those in receipt of disability pensions free licences. It would be a big step forward for these people if the Minister decided to give them free licences. It may be possible to introduce a scheme whereby, with the assistance of voluntary organisations, such people could be provided with free televisions. With the advent of colour televisions it will be possible to purchase black and white sets for as little as £25.

Radio na Gaeltachta, since its inception, has provided a very good service, not alone for the people living in the Gaeltacht areas but for those who can receive the station on their sets. I compliment the Minister for his work in this regard but I would ask him to consider extending the number of hours of broadcasting by Radio na Gaeltachta. I believe that only nine people, between reporters and technicians, work this station to produce the two hours of broadcasting daily but it is fair to say that some of the programmes put out by Radio na Gaeltachta are far better than those on television. The hours of broadcasting of Radio na Gaeltachta should be extended because many people outside the Gaeltacht areas are anxious to improve their Irish. At the same time there should be more respect on the part of some of the reachtaraí for Members of this House, whether they be of the Government or Opposition parties. It was unfortunate that Radio na Gaeltachta did not see fit to send a reporter to Cloghane on Sunday week last. A tremendous amount of good has been done by Glór na nGael and one would have expected coverage of the competitions by Radio na Gaeltachta. Their failure in this regard was, to say the least, an insult to the Bishop of Kerry who presented the prizes. It was an insult also to the Minister for the Gaeltacht who was present and it was an insult to me. The station is located only 12 miles from Cloghane. I do not know what the reason was for their attitude on that occasion but if it was intended to snub either the sponsors of the competition or the Minister for the Gaeltacht, the reasons for that snub should be stated. Those of us who were present on that occasion were embarrassed when the chairman of Glór na nGael emphasised the absence of a Radio na Gaeltachta representative. The attendance was in the region of 2,000 people and these came from all parts of Ireland. It would have been only right that some of the speeches were recorded so that the country might be made aware of the wonderful work that Glór na nGael are doing for the Irish language. It appears that Radio na Gaeltachta assume certain powers to themselves but, we would all like an explanation as to why they were not present in Cloghane on that occasion. I trust that never again will there be a recurrence of this attitude on their part.

Unfortunately, I cannot say that this incident was an isolated one because recently when the Minister for the Gaeltacht visited Donegal he was ignored by the station's reporters. What are we coming to when a Minister, duly elected by the people and appointed by the Taoiseach, is boycotted by a handful of people? That was the term used in the papers to describe the absence of Radio na Gaeltachta reporters on the occasion of the Minister's visit to Donegal.

The Minister for Posts and Telegraphs and the Minister for the Gaeltacht, also, visited Dún Chaoin on the occasion of the comhchaidreamh for the scríbhneoirí but again their visit failed to get a mention on Radio na Gaeltachta. I trust the Minister will be able to tell us publicly what is going on between the Radio na Gaeltachta reporters and the Minister for the Gaeltacht. Apart from those criticisms Radio na Gaeltachta have produced some very good programmes. For instance, great credit is due to the producer of the programme on an file, Seán Ó Catháin. I trust that the records of the programme will be used time and again, especially on the occasion of the anniversary of the poet.

However, there would appear to be a certain amount of looseness so far as reporting is concerned. One incident I have in mind concerned a local man who was known by a nickname. It was unfortunate that Radio na Gaeltachta used that nickname in referring to the death of that man's mother. Radio na Gaeltachta has great potential but I trust that incidents of the type I have described will not occur again. For the greater part, they are on the right lines. Some of the criticisms I have made of them might be made also of RTE. Recently we read in the papers that cearta siabhialta na Gaeltachta had a march in Galway which consisted of 14 or 15 marchers. The march lasted for three days and RTE were able to devote a full half hour to that number of people but at the same time there was a comhchaidreamh in progress at which there was a wonderful exhibition of Gaeltacht paintings and also an exhibition by prominent publishers from Dublin of old Irish stories by various Irish authors. Yet, they did not see fit to send a representative to that comhchaidreamh which was visited by 3,000 or 4,000 people, including the Minister.

Progress reported; Committee to sit again.
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