Social welfare payments can be broadly divided into three types: contributory social insurance payments, entitlement to which is dependent on PRSI contributions paid or credited; non-contributory social assistance payments, entitlement to which is determined by reference to an individual's means, and other payments or benefits, paid to all qualifying persons irrespective of means or contributions – for example, child benefit.
In the case of contributory pensions or other non-means tested payments, as payments are made without reference to income it is not possible to indicate the numbers who depend on their social welfare payment as their sole source of income. In the case of assistance based payments, payment is made subject to a means test and payment levels may be reduced, or indeed no payments may be made if means are above a certain level. Persons below a certain means level or with no assessed means receive the maximum rate of payments as appropriate.
At the end of September 2003, the numbers of clients in receipt of social assistance payments at the maximum rate were as follows: