Skip to main content
Normal View

Seanad Éireann debate -
Wednesday, 3 Oct 1984

Vol. 105 No. 10

Copyright (Amendment) Bill, 1984: Report and Final Stages.

Question: "That the Bill be received for final consideration" put and agreed to.
Agreed to take Fifth Stage today.
Question proposed: "That the Bill do now pass".

In view of the fact that the Minister has made no statement here this morning and due to the fact that I raised queries on both Second and Committee Stages, I believe that if we are entrusted with the duties to legislate, we have the responsibility to ensure that any legislation enacted through this House should be fair and just. While I am entrusted with that duty I intend, as a Member of the Seanad, to ensure that this will be done and, as far as I can see fit, to influence any legislation that is enacted here.

For instance, I queried if there were in the Act in-built safeguards whereby groups or individuals performing works for non-profit or works of a charitable nature would be protected and exempted under the main provisions of the Act. So far, the Minister has failed to satisfy me, at least, on this issue alone. I queried certain aspects of this Bill under whose main provisions I feel certain that anomalies exist. If such measures are not included in the Bill, then I feel obliged to term the legislation as it stands as being socially unjust and therefore unacceptable, to me anyway.

The Bill before us has not clearly defined the categories of people or groups mentioned on Second and Committee Stages which could or would be protected. Worse than that, it has clouded the issue and has raised doubts, in my mind and in the minds of many other people, as to who would or could be guilty of a criminal offence under the Bill. Also, statements made by the Minister and at least one eminent speaker from the Government side of the House left the matter to the discretion of the courts to decide who would or would not be guilty of such an offence. What has happened, in fact, is that in trying to introduce what we all agree is much needed and urgent legislation, this Bill has failed to properly define or segregate the hardened criminal from the ordinary law-abiding citizen.

What the Minister proposes to do is to give carte blanche to one single organisation to go after and get, by any means they see fit, what they might feel or maintain should be their share of the stakes, even to the extent that people feel or might feel that their constitutional rights are being infringed. For instance, if people manage their affairs in business in a proper manner in their own premises, having paid for a radio and television licence for their own personal comfort and use to which they are entitled and in doing so are deemed to be in contravention of this Bill, are they not entitled to feel that their constitutional rights are being infringed? I will give you an example of what I am referring to and quote part of a letter from a firm of solicitors who issued such a demand to a publican who has——

I do not want to rule you out of order but actually what we should discuss on this Stage and the last Stage is the text of the Bill. Keep that in mind. I am not saying that you are wrong.

I will keep that in mind. This very short quotation should have a bearing on the text of the Bill as it stands. I quote one sentence:

We note you state in your letter that the radio and television are used for News and Racing only, but the evidence of infringement obtained does not support this assertion.

This is the particular point—

Furthermore, News and Racing items are commenced with and ended with advertising and musical jingles which are very valuable copyright, the property of our clients.

The thin end of the wedge comes in then—

We trust you will now accept the terms of settlement offered in our letter of the 23rd ultimo without recourse to proceedings. Please note that unless these terms are accepted in full proceedings will be instituted against you without further notice.

That quotation is from a copy of an original letter from a firm of solicitors. It was suggested that people had the right to go to court and defend themselves, which every citizen has. I maintain that we should not enact legislation that gives these people the right to bring others to court for a matter such as this, especially as RTE are already paying almost half a million pounds in copyrights annually. I wonder will this Bill, if it is passed, be referred to the courts to test its constitutionality? I maintain that the constitutional rights of the citizen are being infringed.

I would ask the Minister to go back to the drawing-board, to get his priorities right to segregate the good guys from the bad guys and to introduce a Bill that will deal properly with the problem for which it was originally intended, or at least for which purpose we were led to believe it was intended.

I have a few queries to put to the Minister. I was mainly responsible for ensuring that we would have an opportunity to discuss this Bill today as the Committee Stage was taken on 13 September last. I contemplated the possibility of putting down an amendment to the Bill, but I advised the Minister and his Department of my views on the matter and suggested that the amendment should come from the Minister. I received a letter from the Minister which tells me that there are technical difficulties in phrasing the amendment that would be necessary to deal with the difficulties I foresaw and which I believe exist. I am satisfied, having brought the matter to the attention of the Minister and his Department, that I have discharged my duty. This is one of the issues on which I would like the Minister to comment. I am satisfied that should my fears prove to be well founded, we can have an assurance that the situation will be taken in hand by the Minister or by his Department.

I re-echo a lot of the points made by Senator Lynch. This measure started as a narrow-based one solely to deal with the video pirates but it developed implications that are far beyond that field. These implications passed unnoticed in the other House, but here we can take credit for having identified these weaknesses. It is a matter to be put on record, in fairness to the Minister of State and the senior Minister in the Department, that these weaknesses were accepted as being there and the Minister, by bringing in amendment No. 6, dealt with one of those weaknesses. I want to acknowledge that it is to the credit of both Ministers that there was a willingness to look at these particular weaknesses. The one thing that emerged from this measure is that, narrow-based as it was and despite the further implications that developed as it progressed, it has provided an opportunity of raising the difficulties to which copyrights have given rise to.

My concern has been mentioned more than once in the discussion on this legislation. If I am interpreting correctly what I heard, I could summarise it as follows: the responsibility of the Minister in bringing in the legislation, is solely and entirely to protect the right of copyright owners. That I do not accept.

I am satisfied that we would be in conflict with the principles on which our legislation is based but if we regard our duty as being confined to the protection of the interests of one particular side on any issue, and if we totally ignore the interests of the other side — because there is another side and that other side was accepted in the 1963 Act — I would hope that the House will be reassured that the legitimate interests of all people, be they owners or users, are recognised and that there is a willingness to protect these rights.

I am satisfied that this Bill should now go through. It has presented the opportunity of bringing to light deficiencies, anomalies and the problems that exist in copyright law. I believe that as a result of our discussions in this House there will now be a willingness on the part of the Minister and his Department to look again at problems that may arise in relation to some aspects of this Bill; I believe that — and again I am sure the Minister will give me an assurance on it — the appeal procedures prescribed in Part V of the 1963 Act will be used by the interests for whom they were intended only if for any reason weaknesses emerge in the operation of this measure.

I would like an assurance that there will be a willingness to look again at this whole issue of copyright law. We have got that clarification as a result of the discussion we had here; we have got clarification in relation to the appeals procedures of Part V; we have got ministerial amendment No. 6; we have got the opportunity of highlighting difficulties, deficiencies and anomalies which Senator Lynch has already been referring to and we have got a willingness on the part of the Minister and his Department to look at these difficulties. What we now need — and we accept that it might not be possible in this limited legislation to cover adequately the matters that concern us, is an assurance that the door is open and that the interests so affected will find a willingness on the part of the Minister and his Department to come to their assistance if such need arises.

I intended to answer some of the queries Senator Lynch raised but I did not think, in accordance with Seanad Standing Orders, that it would be proper to do so on Report Stage. I was waiting for the Fifth Stage to make my comments.

I am very grateful to the Senators who contributed to this debate and I appreciate their constructive criticism and statements which they made. This is an amending Bill and I was at pains when introducing it to say that it was an amending Bill; I did not pretend it was to be a major reforming Bill. We are in the age of high technological change and we are trying to keep abreast of the changes as much as possible. In this case, we were trying to close certain loopholes and increase penalties. Senator Dooge was anxious that the Bill would have far more wide-ranging scope than we thought possible when we were introducing it. Perhaps on another occasion it will be opportune to bring in a wider Bill, but that is a matter for future consideration.

In the course of the debate a number of issues were raised. One was dealt with by way of an amendment in relation to the publican's position and as a result of the matter being raised in the House by a number of Senators, particularly Senator Howard and Senator Lynch, we were happy to accept that amendment. Another matter raised was the operation of Part V of the 1963 Act. The Controller of Patents has a part to play and can be approached by interests involved in this area. It should be understood that his functions are not functions in relation to price and that there is a distinction between prices and the function of the Controller of Patents. Matters of price are of course proper to the National Prices Commission and the Controller of Patents has distinct and separate functions, but functions which are there, and he is open to approaches from interested parties within the context of his powers under Part V of the Act.

I do not believe that this Bill is onesided. It is closing loopholes in relation to proper questions of copyright and the protection of copiers. On a number of occasions Senators criticised the Performing Right Society because of the manner in which they go about their activities. My understanding of the matter is that the Performing Right Society is recognised by the courts as acting on behalf of certain copyright owners and that they have a legitimate interest in representing those copyright holders in the protection of their copyright. I have been at pains to stress to the House that it is always open to people who are prosecuted or summoned by the Performing Right Society or anybody else to state their case in court and to challenge any case in court. That action must be taken in order to protect one's own rights and if the case is not contested in court, then one can have very little defence other than perhaps a crib that what has been done is wrong. The courts are there for both sides. They are there both to protect the copyright owners and the rights of individuals in law. That should not be misunderstood by individuals.

A matter of interest which was raised by a number of Senators, among them Senator Hourican and Senator Lynch, was the question of the playing of music on field days or at charitable functions. This matter is covered adequately in the Copyright Act, 1963, section 17 (8) and (9). Subsection (8) reads:

Where a published sound recording is caused to be heard in public — (a) at any premises where persons reside or sleep, as part of the amenities provided exclusively or mainly for residents or inmates therein, or (b) as part of the activities of or for the benefit of, a club, society or other organisation which is not established or conducted for profit and whose main objects are charitable or are otherwise concerned with the advancement of religion, education or social welfare, the act of causing the sound recording to be heard without the payment of equitable remuneration to the owner of the copyright subsisting in the recording shall not, subject to the provisions of the next following subsection of this section, constitute an infringement of the copyright subsisting therein,

Subsection (9) is relevant and states:

The immediately preceding subsection of this section shall not apply — (a) in the case of the premises mentioned in paragraph (a) of that subsection, if a special charge is made for admission to the part of the premises where recording is to be heard, or (b) in the case of any such organisation as is mentioned in paragraph (b) of that subsection, if a charge is made for admission to the place where the recording is to be heard, and any of the proceeds of the charge are applied otherwise than for the purposes of the organisation.

I think that the exemptions in the Bill in section 17 (8) and (9) are relevant to the comments made by the Senators and indicate quite clearly that there is an exemption from the payment of fees in respect of copyright in these certain and quite clearly defined situations. That should meet with the concerns expressed by the Senators in regard to fetes or charitable functions or whatever.

That is another positive thing to emerge from the discussion that we are having.

In relation to the amount of the fines and to the approach in relation to minor offences, it was properly expressed by Senator O'Leary that the fines outlined in this Bill are maximum fines and that in a court of law a justice would take account of the circumstances of each case. Obviously only very serious infringements would warrant higher fines. I hope in replying to the Fifth Stage that I have answered as many as possible of the points raised by the Senators. I am fully aware of their concern in the matter and I fully accept that the comments they made were helpful to me in amending the Bill and also perhaps enabled me to clarify the remaining points in regard to charities. I want to thank the Senators very sincerely for their contributions.

Mr. Lynch rose.

A question only.

On Second Stage I asked if the Minister for Industry, Trade, Commerce and Tourism, Deputy Bruton, would be guilty of infringement of copyright if he used a loudspeaker to play music, as most of us do during a general election campaign. According to the Minister's statement I would be exempted because I play traditional music, but I do not think the senior Minister in the Department plays traditional music only. The Minister is introducing legislation which would make him guilty of a criminal offence under the Copyright Act unless he so informs or pays copyright on it.

I suppose one is in breach of copyright if one breaches the copyright. As politicians we must ensure that we play music like "Arise and follow Charlie" or whatever and if we want to play music outside a church or during election campaigns we must be careful to ensure that the music we play is not subject to copyright payments.

Question put.
The Seanad divided: Tá, 19; Níl, 13.

  • Belton, Luke.
  • Burke, Ulick.
  • Daly, Jack.
  • Deenihan, Jimmy.
  • Dooge, James C. I.
  • Ferris, Michael.
  • Harte, John.
  • Higgins, Jim.
  • Howard, Michael.
  • Kelleher, Peter.
  • Lennon, Joseph.
  • McAuliffe-Ennis, Helena.
  • McGonagle, Stephen.
  • McMahon, Larry.
  • O'Brien, Andy.
  • O'Leary, Seán
  • O'Mahony, Flor.
  • Quealy, Michael A.
  • Ross, Shane P. N.

Níl

  • de Brún, Séamus.
  • Ellis, John.
  • Fallon, Seán.
  • Fitzsimons, Jack.
  • Hillery, Brian.
  • Honan, Tras.
  • Hussey, Thomas.
  • Kiely, Rory.
  • Lynch, Michael.
  • Mullooly, Brian.
  • O'Toole, Martin J.
  • Ryan, Eoin.
  • Ryan, William.
Tellers: Tá, Senators Belton and Harte; Níl, Senators W. Ryan and de Brún.
Question declared carried.

Will the Chair announce the result of the count again because I understand that 14 on this side voted.

Tá, 19; Níl, 13.

I checked the Members on this side of the House and there are 14.

Top
Share