I propose to take Questions Nos. 531, 538, 557 and 582 together.
The charge referred to by the Deputies is levied by third level institutions to defray the costs of examinations, registration and student services. The increase in the charge brings the amount contributed by students more into line with the cost of providing these services.
Students who are eligible for means tested student support will, in addition to any grant to which they are entitled, have the €670 charge paid on their behalf, either directly by my Department or through the local authorities and vocational education committees. This means that 34% of students in universities and 47% of students in institutes of technology will not have to pay the charge.
The increase in the charge should be viewed in the context of an overall package of measures I announced earlier this year aimed at increasing and improving the student support schemes for the 2002-03 academic year. In the present financial year the Government will spend more than €360 million on student supports, including free fees. The measures announced are a clear indication of the Government's commitment to enhancing access to third level education. The range of measures form part of an integrated package, which is designed to maximise and target limited resources towards students who are eligible for student support.
It is estimated that the cost per student of providing third level education in the present academic year will exceed €6,000 for arts, law and business courses, €8,000 for science courses and €9,000 for engineering and medicine. The contribution from the students has to be seen in the light of these figures. I have no plans to reverse the charge.