Since the introduction of a national programme for ICT in schools in 1998, there has been a substantial increase in the number of computers in Irish schools. In late 2002 and early 2003, the National Centre for Technology in Education conducted a census of schools' ICT infrastructure following similar exercises in 1998 and 2000. The census found that since 1998 the total number of computers in first and second level schools increased from 36,000 to approximately 85,000. As a result, average pupil to computer ratios have reduced from 37:1 to just over 11:1 at primary level and from 16:1 to 9:1 at second level.