Bernard J. Durkan
Ceist:
171
Mr. Durkan
asked the
Taoiseach
the extent to which imports and exports between this country and low wage economies have developed in the past five years; and if he will make a statement on the matter.
[3994/04]
Amharc ar fhreagra
The information requested by the Deputy is set out in the following tables. The analysis provided does not cover all countries. The classification of low, medium and high-income countries used is based on an analysis done by the World Bank, http://www.worldbank.org/depweb/, and refers to the year 1998. In the case of imports, the country of consignment is used which is not necessarily the country of origin of the goods.
€(000)
|
|
1998
|
1999
|
2000
|
2001
|
2002
|
Jan-Nov 2003
|
Income Rank
|
Consign
|
Exports
|
Imports
|
Exports
|
Imports
|
Exports
|
Imports
|
Exports
|
Imports
|
Exports
|
Imports
|
Exports
|
Imports
|
1. Low
|
India
|
48,361
|
70,569
|
77,745
|
98,809
|
109,730
|
118,633
|
107,045
|
130,737
|
131,015
|
140,022
|
86,673
|
110,263
|
|
Indonesia
|
12,984
|
63,921
|
43,145
|
54,131
|
88,173
|
84,339
|
79,217
|
80,757
|
50,845
|
83,373
|
43,803
|
50,116
|
|
Nigeria
|
78,127
|
1,910
|
84,657
|
3,024
|
97,293
|
2,158
|
126,989
|
898
|
137,145
|
794
|
109,265
|
557
|
|
Guinea
|
496
|
94,554
|
360
|
83,711
|
620
|
90,645
|
1,038
|
104,575
|
845
|
83,435
|
769
|
52,325
|
|
Pakistan
|
29,418
|
15,201
|
41,833
|
16,456
|
64,697
|
21,639
|
18,984
|
30,138
|
18,726
|
37,121
|
16,109
|
26,759
|
|
Ghana
|
11,507
|
46,725
|
20,883
|
26,718
|
19,072
|
29,933
|
20,454
|
27,339
|
15,344
|
29,280
|
15,854
|
21,959
|
|
Vietnam
|
8,988
|
6,785
|
7,322
|
12,257
|
13,363
|
20,212
|
15,064
|
27,967
|
16,225
|
26,719
|
14,746
|
17,637
|
|
Senegal
|
14,342
|
91
|
21,125
|
74
|
25,988
|
205
|
40,692
|
146
|
38,924
|
66
|
32,711
|
149
|
|
Ukraine
|
17,861
|
2,995
|
18,820
|
2,891
|
30,670
|
6,201
|
31,706
|
4,199
|
22,414
|
1,062
|
19,992
|
642
|
|
Kenya
|
12,370
|
13,278
|
10,219
|
14,175
|
13,192
|
13,038
|
11,205
|
12,678
|
17,225
|
13,459
|
9,314
|
10,438
|
|
Bangladesh
|
2,712
|
8,068
|
1,594
|
12,093
|
1,201
|
17,662
|
3,053
|
27,267
|
1,781
|
29,747
|
476
|
23,754
|
|
Ivory Coast
|
8,906
|
19,942
|
6,020
|
13,858
|
6,491
|
12,949
|
7,838
|
12,453
|
7,816
|
6,711
|
6,240
|
10,242
|
|
Cameroon
|
7,223
|
4,768
|
5,842
|
5,242
|
6,982
|
13,337
|
7,144
|
15,473
|
6,033
|
9,930
|
6,016
|
14,611
|
|
Sudan
|
5,740
|
18
|
7,270
|
711
|
7,791
|
1,014
|
13,750
|
795
|
14,102
|
1,153
|
18,472
|
1,152
|
|
Cambodia
|
109
|
4,391
|
209
|
6,493
|
353
|
14,152
|
175
|
13,973
|
370
|
16,219
|
684
|
8,921
|
|
Zimbabwe
|
7,483
|
3,895
|
7,464
|
4,258
|
5,599
|
3,512
|
6,733
|
2,737
|
3,296
|
597
|
2,683
|
559
|
|
Ethiopia
|
7,037
|
22
|
5,038
|
34
|
7,438
|
5
|
10,358
|
5
|
10,121
|
14
|
7,749
|
125
|
|
Tanzania
|
2,382
|
1,933
|
4,487
|
3,767
|
6,525
|
599
|
5,309
|
3,737
|
7,904
|
199
|
5,991
|
127
|
|
Congo
|
|
|
3,084
|
286
|
5,639
|
314
|
7,276
|
369
|
9,746
|
239
|
8,070
|
703
|
|
Yemen
|
4,268
|
631
|
4,919
|
136
|
7,093
|
43
|
9,624
|
109
|
3,930
|
62
|
2,703
|
4
|
|
Benin
|
2,379
|
239
|
3,874
|
1,224
|
5,589
|
723
|
7,451
|
352
|
5,271
|
1
|
3,336
|
308
|
|
Congo (Dem Rep)
|
6,247
|
5
|
4,772
|
87
|
3,206
|
23
|
3,405
|
0
|
5,056
|
|
7,365
|
|
|
Mali
|
460
|
166
|
1,121
|
731
|
3,408
|
205
|
7,504
|
227
|
12,860
|
9
|
3,033
|
0
|
|
Sierra Leone
|
5,117
|
1,968
|
3,054
|
1,121
|
4,610
|
781
|
4,612
|
1,632
|
3,758
|
807
|
1,298
|
392
|
|
Uganda
|
6,221
|
1,534
|
3,648
|
475
|
3,565
|
135
|
4,127
|
415
|
4,691
|
123
|
3,846
|
55
|
1. Low Total
|
300,738
|
363,609
|
388,505
|
362,762
|
538,288
|
452,457
|
550,753
|
498,978
|
545,443
|
481,142
|
427,198
|
351,798
|
Note: Only the top 25 countries (based on sum of
imports and exports over the entire time period shown) listed under each
income rank.
€(000)
|
|
1998
|
1999
|
2000
|
2001
|
2002
|
Jan-Nov 2003
|
Income Rank
|
Consign
|
Exports
|
Imports
|
Exports
|
Imports
|
Exports
|
Imports
|
Exports
|
Imports
|
Exports
|
Imports
|
Exports
|
Imports
|
2. Medium
|
Malaysia
|
324,268
|
432,363
|
824,183
|
567,979
|
753,552
|
595,098
|
1,140,342
|
519,167
|
764,555
|
461,129
|
525,705
|
290,150
|
|
China
|
75,346
|
238,895
|
119,022
|
287,939
|
166,511
|
442,999
|
338,468
|
684,331
|
537,644
|
877,837
|
503,842
|
1,273,670
|
|
Philippines
|
288,691
|
169,129
|
424,031
|
197,352
|
691,787
|
211,945
|
769,453
|
214,387
|
342,321
|
215,052
|
190,189
|
164,876
|
|
Mexico
|
164,028
|
30,464
|
173,373
|
46,393
|
254,873
|
110,941
|
552,431
|
212,067
|
448,566
|
211,686
|
487,808
|
159,991
|
|
South Africa
|
343,617
|
50,520
|
369,838
|
61,579
|
391,646
|
117,987
|
384,975
|
94,420
|
274,983
|
97,593
|
251,664
|
127,116
|
|
Turkey
|
176,345
|
71,797
|
215,403
|
84,793
|
387,020
|
109,021
|
310,411
|
123,275
|
325,908
|
163,338
|
283,463
|
190,326
|
|
Poland
|
243,425
|
65,367
|
254,021
|
82,181
|
361,020
|
101,884
|
319,093
|
132,047
|
282,096
|
126,399
|
230,691
|
124,345
|
|
Hungary
|
93,583
|
230,595
|
162,586
|
213,468
|
224,356
|
282,377
|
169,208
|
367,190
|
143,646
|
119,788
|
123,287
|
83,938
|
|
Saudi Arabia
|
287,904
|
49,582
|
329,811
|
8,022
|
357,156
|
6,153
|
388,228
|
3,796
|
364,426
|
28,507
|
254,504
|
6,200
|
|
Thailand
|
82,694
|
164,131
|
96,574
|
131,809
|
141,117
|
216,006
|
144,295
|
300,581
|
112,104
|
228,238
|
133,549
|
224,427
|
|
Czech Republic
|
135,272
|
47,277
|
203,169
|
68,355
|
346,546
|
119,982
|
258,341
|
122,892
|
197,227
|
156,696
|
155,548
|
147,687
|
|
Brazil
|
145,687
|
30,042
|
143,561
|
82,492
|
206,012
|
110,071
|
225,755
|
107,592
|
124,772
|
122,010
|
129,815
|
139,167
|
|
Russia
|
245,897
|
14,040
|
257,699
|
12,234
|
177,634
|
8,591
|
240,551
|
31,809
|
254,856
|
31,072
|
232,376
|
28,717
|
|
Egypt
|
191,402
|
7,491
|
231,763
|
9,495
|
243,009
|
14,739
|
120,513
|
30,263
|
86,290
|
15,235
|
50,060
|
19,685
|
|
Morocco
|
29,613
|
37,902
|
61,621
|
28,832
|
87,350
|
36,582
|
120,711
|
53,737
|
112,972
|
29,887
|
101,307
|
25,635
|
|
Argentina
|
47,355
|
4,792
|
57,299
|
16,707
|
48,801
|
33,365
|
57,846
|
28,887
|
26,345
|
44,744
|
20,637
|
39,547
|
|
Romania
|
27,554
|
5,395
|
27,293
|
3,558
|
74,605
|
19,537
|
51,454
|
75,526
|
55,715
|
20,565
|
45,261
|
17,408
|
|
Chile
|
31,952
|
9,142
|
35,852
|
16,255
|
36,958
|
22,439
|
37,728
|
27,936
|
36,260
|
31,843
|
39,893
|
29,591
|
|
Costa Rica
|
13,114
|
10,001
|
48,475
|
20,337
|
49,616
|
3,118
|
118,513
|
5,783
|
8,604
|
30,934
|
7,137
|
22,348
|
|
Croatia
|
13,458
|
19,830
|
18,423
|
25,118
|
33,741
|
37,956
|
27,888
|
27,293
|
34,712
|
37,677
|
32,148
|
19,052
|
|
Lebanon
|
43,162
|
3,408
|
61,797
|
1,203
|
64,865
|
970
|
44,027
|
2,194
|
47,141
|
3,872
|
36,016
|
1,911
|
|
Latvia
|
9,853
|
13,550
|
10,768
|
44,149
|
16,675
|
39,913
|
19,018
|
28,809
|
15,986
|
29,458
|
18,930
|
42,772
|
|
Slovakia
|
18,775
|
11,091
|
28,366
|
12,443
|
47,366
|
14,621
|
38,092
|
12,172
|
39,753
|
15,632
|
33,393
|
15,127
|
|
Estonia
|
15,554
|
3,573
|
9,851
|
6,062
|
25,669
|
16,958
|
41,338
|
17,120
|
31,613
|
23,465
|
23,127
|
35,394
|
|
North Korea
|
97,356
|
15,259
|
4,950
|
24,778
|
18,885
|
31,108
|
15,887
|
22,671
|
118
|
2,452
|
2
|
147
|
2. Medium Total
|
3,145,905
|
1,735,636
|
4,169,729
|
2,053,533
|
5,206,770
|
2,704,361
|
5,934,566
|
3,245,945
|
4,668,613
|
3,125,109
|
3,910,352
|
3,229,227
|
Only the top 25 countries (based on sum of imports and
exports over the entire time period shown) listed under each income rank.
€(000)
|
|
1998
|
1999
|
2000
|
2001
|
2002
|
Jan-Nov 2003
|
Income Rank
|
Consign
|
Exports
|
Imports
|
Exports
|
Imports
|
Exports
|
Imports
|
Exports
|
Imports
|
Exports
|
Imports
|
Exports
|
Imports
|
3. High
|
Great Britain
|
11,441,274
|
13,639,435
|
13,247,558
|
15,331,573
|
17,123,851
|
19,008,683
|
20,793,808
|
21,493,713
|
20,872,604
|
22,112,632
|
12,294,708
|
14,452,299
|
|
USA
|
7,742,611
|
5,999,612
|
10,336,842
|
6,681,824
|
14,227,805
|
8,353,195
|
15,694,396
|
7,923,385
|
16,489,871
|
7,934,581
|
15,671,332
|
6,225,360
|
|
Germany
|
8,326,405
|
2,483,115
|
8,013,810
|
2,782,536
|
9,428,588
|
3,356,369
|
11,682,508
|
3,612,006
|
6,738,005
|
3,768,877
|
6,200,460
|
3,417,549
|
|
France
|
4,823,791
|
1,502,867
|
5,646,394
|
1,774,611
|
6,357,411
|
2,515,974
|
5,541,568
|
2,684,814
|
4,689,655
|
2,126,737
|
4,556,617
|
1,561,965
|
|
Belgium
|
|
|
3,439,825
|
705,515
|
4,115,540
|
1,064,865
|
4,446,178
|
1,048,263
|
13,547,368
|
1,001,863
|
9,540,307
|
885,753
|
|
Netherlands
|
3,225,315
|
1,360,511
|
4,190,297
|
1,546,157
|
4,705,719
|
2,059,122
|
4,263,614
|
2,156,171
|
3,517,523
|
2,089,751
|
3,898,826
|
1,827,663
|
|
Japan
|
1,486,713
|
2,200,833
|
1,958,960
|
2,033,687
|
3,122,860
|
2,128,632
|
3,261,074
|
1,481,526
|
2,628,796
|
1,350,541
|
1,903,304
|
1,405,673
|
|
Italy
|
1,943,085
|
678,644
|
2,533,052
|
808,667
|
3,319,427
|
1,191,353
|
3,311,898
|
1,199,347
|
3,599,891
|
908,100
|
3,404,969
|
840,104
|
|
Northern Ireland
|
1,513,032
|
1,291,628
|
1,515,098
|
1,374,708
|
1,785,984
|
1,479,755
|
1,864,520
|
1,489,040
|
1,611,059
|
1,215,207
|
1,291,646
|
1,165,513
|
|
Switzerland
|
1,156,249
|
328,663
|
1,618,754
|
345,735
|
2,033,164
|
406,056
|
2,705,698
|
534,123
|
3,115,546
|
555,914
|
2,444,485
|
624,038
|
|
Spain
|
1,541,917
|
430,867
|
1,842,740
|
498,030
|
2,126,907
|
721,360
|
2,297,985
|
612,169
|
2,240,766
|
600,990
|
2,126,318
|
449,861
|
|
Singapore
|
375,884
|
2,043,395
|
482,055
|
1,717,021
|
506,354
|
1,961,097
|
641,308
|
1,323,374
|
738,702
|
954,106
|
675,767
|
939,804
|
|
Sweden
|
1,091,177
|
354,645
|
1,096,185
|
419,608
|
1,336,973
|
553,898
|
1,355,024
|
446,660
|
1,201,356
|
379,942
|
1,097,978
|
353,223
|
|
Norway
|
560,382
|
450,273
|
595,917
|
534,222
|
614,928
|
1,062,228
|
587,172
|
951,702
|
515,466
|
804,185
|
485,057
|
974,475
|
|
South Korea
|
362,694
|
490,692
|
361,107
|
519,319
|
1,045,817
|
774,233
|
695,906
|
685,442
|
638,964
|
676,484
|
470,595
|
533,953
|
|
Hong Kong
|
295,114
|
490,713
|
333,283
|
650,003
|
617,406
|
909,091
|
670,201
|
716,725
|
535,273
|
739,525
|
635,569
|
462,201
|
|
Denmark
|
587,728
|
265,441
|
614,761
|
358,026
|
621,906
|
670,867
|
596,605
|
672,223
|
545,199
|
684,567
|
452,973
|
770,162
|
|
Canada
|
346,157
|
369,665
|
330,385
|
243,163
|
394,541
|
307,486
|
592,502
|
435,033
|
510,158
|
400,739
|
443,280
|
413,329
|
|
Belgium & Luxembourg
|
3,647,641
|
535,360
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Australia
|
449,106
|
40,948
|
578,868
|
58,688
|
580,737
|
71,739
|
834,838
|
92,077
|
626,235
|
93,448
|
596,885
|
88,345
|
|
Finland
|
313,237
|
256,439
|
531,382
|
253,838
|
416,087
|
310,729
|
413,573
|
299,255
|
308,945
|
366,541
|
270,565
|
209,568
|
|
Austria
|
326,282
|
79,499
|
412,800
|
106,281
|
468,029
|
126,555
|
414,144
|
158,845
|
338,423
|
218,907
|
298,681
|
148,273
|
|
Israel
|
231,073
|
167,628
|
284,527
|
267,594
|
408,812
|
309,729
|
344,553
|
247,317
|
240,404
|
91,685
|
185,745
|
79,112
|
|
Portugal
|
233,576
|
86,548
|
250,009
|
91,764
|
256,903
|
109,917
|
309,889
|
129,116
|
362,192
|
134,260
|
274,031
|
97,797
|
|
Greece
|
157,701
|
20,321
|
240,255
|
22,580
|
297,400
|
51,838
|
329,061
|
41,264
|
330,099
|
41,700
|
287,021
|
38,657
|
3. High Total
|
52,178,144
|
35,567,742
|
60,454,864
|
39,125,150
|
75,913,149
|
49,504,771
|
83,648,023
|
50,433,590
|
85,942,500
|
49,251,282
|
69,507,119
|
37,964,677
|
Only the top 25 countries (based on sum of imports and
exports over the entire time period shown) listed under each income rank.
Question No. 172 answered orally with Question No. 1.