The Minister, I take it, on examination, is satisfied that this will be in ease of these people and will also tend towards production. Side by side with that, this change is alleged to be in furtherance of agricultural production. Does that mean that people on small holdings, particularly those who live near an employment exchange, will be asked to come in two, three, four or five times a week to sign on at the local exchange, as heretofore, because, if so, the time wasting element will be continued and the incentive to work at home will be greatly reduced if not completely thwarted?
I notice also that side by side with this new system regarding the reteable valuation the Minister is reserving the right to apply the old system in certain cases. I wonder why that principle is being incorporated in this provision and why the Minister wants to do that. Perhaps he will tell us more clearly and in greater detail what the purpose of the retention of this provision is? I notice also that there is no appeal from the Minister's decision in that regard.
With other speakers from all sides of the House, I want to exhort the Minister to abolish the two employment periods and, in addition, in rural Ireland, not to deprive single men of unemployment assistance during the summer season who have hitherto been deprived at that time. Single people as well as married people must eat. Single people as well as married people must provide for themselves and must have the means of doing so, whether it is summer or winter.
I want to join with Deputy O'Donnell in his plea that the part-time fishermen be included under this system of taking the reteable valuation, without any other means, and that part-time fishing be regarded as part of the small farm activity, as a supplementary occupation to the farming and carried out at a season when the farming business is not too exacting.
The Minister, in reply to Deputy O'Donnell yesterday, said that for the last year there was not any investigation by investigating officers for the purpose of reducing unemployment assistance. I have written many letters to the Department in the last few weeks inquiring as to why the unemployment assistance of certain people was reduced from £x to £x minus £y as a result of investigation. Maybe we are not ad idem in the argument and I should be glad to have the matter clarified.
In the social welfare scheme, particularly in relation to old age pensioners and possibly in certain cases in relation to widows, more cognisance must be taken of the plight of people who live alone and something extra should go with it. Where an old age pensioner, or pensioners, as the case may be, both the father and the mother, live with a married son or daughter, while having no means and getting the full pension, they are nevertheless enjoying certain benefits which are not assessed for the purpose of means but which are still considerable from the point of view of comfort. Not so much in the country where neighbours are very kind to neighbours whether they live alone or not but certainly in the cities and larger urban areas, the plight of the old age pensioner who lives alone is very severe indeed. The time should not be too far off when on the application from there should be an extra question, "Do you live alone?" so that something extra might be provided for a person who lives alone.
I know that in cities, in particular, the home assistance people rally round, as do charitable organisations, but I do not think our old people should be dependent upon charitable organisations when the State has a bounden duty to provide for them.
There is a problem in my constituency which might also affect a constituency like north-west Donegal, and perhaps portion of Galway, in relation to people who have been migratory workers all their lives and, as a result of whatever contributions they have had to pay while working in either England or Scotland, eventually, at the age of 65 are able to return home for good to the home which has been broken for half of the year by reason of economic circumstances forcing them to migrate. They return home for good and they then enjoy either a British old age or contributory pension, or some kind of pension under the British social welfare code. That is taken into consideration when they apply for the old age pension here. It is a considerable source of irritation, particularly in Achill Island and, to some lesser extent, along the coast to the north in the Ballycroy and Erris districts.
It would not cost very much, I think, to ignore this income from Great Britain altogether. I want to be perfectly clear now that all I am talking about here is British pensions that have been earned by the contributions made by migratory workers. I am not talking about people who went away and never came back, except possibly for a short holiday, and ultimately decided to retire and come back home; I am not talking about them at all. I am talking about the man who, either by himself or with other members of his family, had to go away to England or Scotland generally from May to November and work in the potato fields or the beet fields, or in some other agricultural activity. These people are specialists and I know of a few cases in which the fourth generation of English farmers is employing the fourth generation of Irish migratory workers. Not alone has a definite employer-employee relationship grown up but there have also grown up friendship and trust.
In a place like Achill, where the holdings, if they can be called holdings, are very small, people must do something to supplement what they can get from these smallholdings and the few cattle they rear on the commonage. They must go away to work. The State has failed—perhaps "failed" may be too strong a word— to provide employment for these people and, having failed to do so, I think the State should measure up to its responsibility by not taking into account what these people have earned through social welfare contributions during their period abroad each year and let these people see that the State is grateful to them for relieving the economy of responsibility for them by their supplementing their meagre incomes at home by going abroad for part of the year to find work.
I am very interested in this, as, I am sure, are Deputies on both sides of the House who come from these constituencies. I am particularly interested in the Achill area. Apart altogether from any national obligation, I want to point out that the Government Party should have a consistent loyalty to these people in that particular area because of their long and continued support.
It is hard to blame a Government for not being able to do all they would like to do for such a congested area and one which was so heavily populated until of late years. The population is declining. I should not like to press the Minister to incorporate a provision into the Bill to cover this situation but perhaps he would give me a promise now that he will look into the matter and ensure that, by regulation, these pensions will in future be ignored for purposes of the means test. I shall be satisfied with that. Such a regulation would relieve the people in that part of the country of considerable irritation and the deep feeling of ingratitude they bear towards the State, not towards Parties but towards the State itself.
It is illogical, too. These workers go to England for part of every year as migratory labourers and have done so since the Unemployment Assistance Acts were brought in here. They earn what is to them a considerable amount of money. When they return, they can sign on immediately at the labour exchange and they qualify immediately for unemployment assistance. There is no reference to the money earned abroad. Why then should these earnings be taken into account when it comes to old age or to a widow's pension? It is then they need money most. The Minister has correspondence from at least one person in that area. She is the daughter of one of the persons affected. I think she wrote to the Taoiseach some time ago and sent a copy of the letter to the Minister. She sent a copy to me. Her approach is reasonable. It covers the whole problem. I am not confined to that one example. I have several letters and several examples in relation to this.
I should be very much impressed if the Minister and his officials would now approach this matter in a humane manner. It is not something which will cost a great deal of money. Indeed, I believe it is something that will not continue because migration is taking on a different aspect altogether. It is now becoming emigration. My plea is for the migratory labourers and their dependants. The State would do well to do something about this problem. I should be glad to hear the Minister's views on that particular aspect of life in the congested areas of the west and north-west.