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Dáil Éireann debate -
Thursday, 27 May 2004

Vol. 586 No. 4

Child Trafficking and Pornography (Amendment) Bill 2004 [Seanad]: Committee and Remaining Stages.

SECTION 1.
Question proposed: "That section 1 stand part of the Bill."

There are a number of issues on which I wish to touch. As usual, the Minister of State, Deputy Brian Lenihan, has confidently and capably dealt with the points raised here. However, a number of issues are still outstanding.

Should the advice, which was made available to the Government, be also made available to Members of the Oireachtas? To a degree we are in the dark because the advice was made available to the Government in respect of this Bill and the other one this morning. Without having had the benefit of that advice, particularly in the short time available, the Opposition is not in a position to come to a reasoned conclusion as to whether the correct approach is being followed or not. We are flying blind to a degree. The same issue will arise in respect of the other procedures on which the Government will embark next week. I suggest it would be a useful initiative for the Government to make available such advice to Opposition spokespersons.

The approach to this issue can only be described as "ad hockery". The views presented to us have changed by the day and there are reasonable grounds for suggesting that an ad hoc approach is being followed. That concerns me less than the fact that if all these changes have taken place in the past seven days, what will happen in the next seven days? Have all the angles been covered? Are we clear if the function we are embarked on is to ensure that confidence is maintained in the Judiciary while on the other hand we have fair procedures for a member of the Judiciary whom it is proposed to deal with under Article 35? We need that reflective approach. One of my major concerns is just that, which feeds into the Bills with which we are dealing today as well as the major issues underlying those Bills, namely, the admissibility of possibly constitutionally tainted evidence, questions of compellability generally and the question of self-incrimination.

I also refer to the Minister of State's response in respect of grooming and I am glad to note he recognises the problem I raised is a genuine one. Children are not adequately protected from predatory Internet users under our existing law. We may state that dealing with Judge Curtin or any other member of the Judiciary is a matter of urgency. However, it is far more urgent to deal with a situation in which the children of the nation are not adequately protected from paedophiles.

I do not understand the Minister's reasoning. There is urgency in getting through a Bill today which deals with a member of the Judiciary, yet there is no urgency when it comes to children who are vulnerable under the existing law. I reject that reasoning and I suggest that some urgency could be injected into the Government's approach to the problems I have highlighted.

On the specifics of the Bill, I am unable to table amendments in the short time available. Nothing occurs to me immediately though on Second Stage I asked if all advisers and so on will be covered under the legislation. I accept that the reference to "or any person" probably covers any person associated with the Houses or the committee who might have to deal with the material covered by the Bill. I hope we can establish some procedure through which we will not have to force everyone to look at such images, though that raises another, broader issue. If both Houses are to be involved in the Article 35 process, is there an obligation on all Members who are voting to see and hear all the evidence? That is another issue which has not been dealt with in detail so far. There may be a legal basis for suggesting that someone voting on such a motion might have to see all the evidence, on the basis of natural justice, before fairly and properly casting a vote. That is yet another issue that has not been teased out adequately due to the unseemly haste in dealing with this matter.

On that haste, I have no notion of holding up proceedings but I go back to the point I made this morning: we would be better off carrying this process out well rather than quickly. There is an internal conflict in a rushed situation, as almost inevitably one does not do the job well. That is a continuing concern of mine.

We are dealing with two Bills today, the Committees of the Houses of the Oireachtas (Compellability, Privileges and Immunities of Witnesses) (Amendment) Bill 2004 and the Child Trafficking and Pornography (Amendment) Bill 2004 [Seanad]. Which Bill will go through first? They are both being run simultaneously through the Dáil and Seanad. The compellability legislation is going through the Seanad and may have passed at this point. There are strict time limits involved but a minor point arises. Section 13, as drafted, provides that nothing will prevent the giving of or compliance with the direction under section 3 of the 1997 compellability legislation. There is no reference to the other amending Bill, the legislation under which such a direction will be given if we are dealing with a judge. If the other Bill goes through first and we then pass this Bill, we are making no provision for the issuing of a direction under the other Bill, therefore an exemption provided for under this Bill would be defective. I accept this may be legalistic but let us get our procedures right. I raise the issue to make a constructive point. Basically, we will not be issuing a directive under the 1997 Act; we will be issuing directives under the 2004 Act.

Deputy O'Keeffe has raised some pertinent questions, particularly about having adequate time to tease out this measure and his last point is very valid. Section 13(a) refers exclusively to the original, parent legislation, the 1997 Act, with no reference to the amending Bill we passed a couple of hours ago, the Committees of the Houses of the Oireachtas (Compellability, Privileges and Immunities of Witnesses) (Amendment) Bill 2004. This flaw may be similar to that corrected by the Labour Party last night in Article 35.4. That Article refers directly to the Supreme and High Courts. The enabling legislation for the Circuit Court, the 1924 Act, was omitted, which would have been a fatal flaw in the legislation if it had gone through in that form. That may well be the case here and the Minister should probably accept an amendment to deal with it. Deputy O’Keeffe probably thought of that on his feet but there was not enough time to peruse the legislation adequately.

Section 13(b) contains a list of exemptions for members of the committee in the possession, publication, distribution, printing or showing of material. How comprehensive is that list? What about the process of obtaining material on one hand or viewing material on the other hand? What about disposal or retention of the material? The wrong word, “showing”, is used here. If we could have the Minister of State’s attention it would be useful.

"Showing" is the wrong word because one shows something to someone else. "Viewing" would be the appropriate word in the case but it is omitted from the list applying to any Member or official carrying out their duties and functions for the committee. The question of whether the full wording is adequate needs to be addressed. It comes back to the old point, if we had the time we could have teased out all these issues and the Minister of State could have presented more concise legislation.

I referred earlier to the question of inadmissibility. There is a presumption in the Bill that the members of a committee will view material which is pornographic, will have it in their possession or will distribute it. From that point of view it would be preferable, prior to enacting the Bill, if Members had the advice of the Attorney General on all these matters because these matters apply on a specific as well as on a general base. This legislation refers to general as well as specific matters. They are not prompted totally in a vacuum. It would certainly have been important to all of us to have had the legal advice that the Attorney General has had for the Government or has engaged through senior counsel to advise him.

It was good to hear the Minister of State say that Europe and other countries see our Child Trafficking and Pornography Act 1998 as the model law in child protection. Even a model law, however, can have its loopholes. There are areas that are not up to date and perhaps this is the impetus to ensure that legislation is reviewed and adapted to deal with new areas, such as the ruling to which he referred, and that whatever amendment is required will be put in place. There is no greater crime than the abuse of vulnerable children. Given that the matter has been brought to our attention, the legislation should be reviewed and amended, if necessary.

A number of matters have been raised. I had understood the Attorney General and the Minister were available to brief the Opposition.

We were briefed by the Attorney General that no legislation was necessary and subsequently that one item of legislation was necessary. What I am talking about is the written advice available to the Attorney General and the Minister, in particular the written advice which gave rise to the change of heart in regard to the legislation and the motions.

May I add to that? The advice the Attorney General received was specifically requested and specifically refused.

The Attorney General is in a difficult position here. Like any lawyer who is advising his client, there are other parties involved here who have lawyers and clients as well. I presume that is part of the thinking. I give an undertaking to the two Deputies to see what consultations can be arranged to ensure they are briefed on these matters, because they are serious matters.

On the point raised by Deputy Jim O'Keeffe about the section and section 3 of the 1997 Act, and that the parallel measure today amends the 1997 Act, I have looked at that question in some detail and taken legal advice on it. The position is that the direction is made under section 3 of the 1997 Act. The legislation which went through the House this morning does not affect the direction provision in section 3 of the 1997 Act, hence the reference is correct as stated in the new section 1.13(a). In other words, the direction is made under section 3 of the 1997 Act. That is what the measure refers to. No direction is being made under the 2004 amending Bill which passed through this House this morning. If one examines the 2004 Bill, it is clear it does not deal with a direction under section 3, hence the statutory reference is correct. I am glad the Deputy raised the issue because it has given us an opportunity to tease it out.

I was genuinely worried about the issue. The Bills are parallel at present but which of them goes through first? In the earlier Bill, we inserted a new section after section 3 to deal with the position in regard to compellability. I see some substance in the point raised by the Minister that one is still issuing the direction under section 3. However, the Bill before the House refers to a direction issued under section 3 of the 1997 Act but effectively it will be under the 1997 Act, as amended.

I wonder whether there is a legal point here that one would be tied into a position where it would apply only to a direction issued under the earlier legislation. Should something be done to clarify which of the Bills goes through first and, if so, is there need for a reference to the Committees of the Houses of the Oireachtas (Compellability, Privileges and Immunities of Witnesses) Act 1997, as amended. I cannot bring it any further but in the short time available to me it is a point that occurs to me. It could take a day or two in the Supreme Court to resolve this but I would prefer to see it resolved here.

It would not help because the direction is made under section 3 of the 1997 Act. Section 1.3A is an entirely new section inserted by the 2004 Bill and does not refer to the direction. The direction is in section 3 of the 1997 Act. The power which the Oireachtas committee has is dealt with in that section, hence, the reason this is used in cross-reference in the Child Trafficking and Pornography (Amendment) Bill.

Section 1.3A permits such a direction to be issued to a judge who is the subject of proceedings under Article 35.

Yes, but it does not of itself create the power to give the direction. I will not elaborate on the point further.

There is a question mark here because the amendment to section 3A obviously includes section 3 which states: "Section 3, in so far as it relates to a committee established for the purposes of ... under section 4 of Article 35 of the Constitution or ... the Courts of Justice Act 1924 or ... the Courts of Justice (District Court) Act 1946, shall, ... apply to a judge of a court ..." The Bill before the House simply refers to section 3 of the 1997 Act, but it should contemplate the amendments introduced at an earlier stage to have the fullness of authority. If we are going on the principle that neither item of legislation is strictly necessary, compellability may not be necessary as an individual may turn up voluntarily, and in the other case no material may be presented to the committee. Nevertheless, it is a belt and braces effort to ensure precautionary steps are taken. It seems appropriate at this stage to include the reference to the new legislation which has extended the remit of the 1997 legislation.

I accept the direction is issued under section 3. If it is issued under section 3 of the 1997 Act before it is amended, apparently the direction cannot be issued to a judge. We are talking about the question of proceedings or a matter arising in regard to judges under Article 35 of the Constitution. Therefore, if a direction is being issued it has to take into account the fact that it is capable of being issued under the Committees of the Houses of the Oireachtas (Compellability, Privileges and Immunities of Witnesses) Act 1997, as amended, by the compellability legislation before the House. Will that end up as a separate section? This morning the 1997 Act was amended by inserting a section after section 3 which was referred to as section 3A. I wish to draw attention to an apparent defect in the legislation as it is currently before us.

We have checked the matter with the Parliamentary Counsel who drafted the measure and he is satisfied this is the correct drafting approach. It is a question of drafting. Let me reiterate the position. The power to issue directions are vested in these committees under section 3(1) of the 1997 Act. The measure which came before the House this morning did not affect that power in any way because the expressed power derives from the 1997 Act.

Did it not broaden the power?

A subsequent subsection of the 1997 Act, section 3(4), precluded the issuing of directions to the named judicial personages. That subsection has effectively been restricted in the circumstances envisaged in the 2004 Bill, but that does not affect the power. No additional power has been conferred by the Bill this morning.

Does it not remove a restriction on that power?

It is a restriction of the scope of the power but the actual power to issue the direction is still in the 1997 Act. That is the fundamental point. The 2004 Bill does not confer such power as the actual direction is made pursuant to section 3(1) of the 1997 Act. In referring to the 1997 Act, we are right in stating that the direction stems from that legislation. That is as far as I can assist the House on that point.

I will not press the matter, I have done my duty in raising the issue. It is a valid point. I hope the Minister is correct but this is an example of what can arise when legislation is rushed, as there is not adequate opportunity to tease it out.

Will the Minister of State comment on members of the committee viewing pornographic material?

Viewing was raised by Deputy Costello. Viewing was not part of the 1998 Act and it would not have been appropriate to introduce it here. The Child Trafficking and Pornography Act 1998 does not include viewing as a concept, hence we could not introduce it in this Bill when it was not in the original parent statute.

Are the members of the committee entitled to view material that may be pornographic?

Yes, the purpose of this Bill is to put that beyond any doubt.

Will the Minister of State outline the provision in the Bill that adequately covers the viewing of such pornographic material?

It is not an offence to view the material. Viewing is not captured by the primary legislation. The offence is to possess, distribute, print, publish or show.

Is there no offence of viewing?

There is no offence of viewing in the primary legislation. Deputy Costello suggested also that the Bill contains a presumption about a specific matter or about admissibility. I have to disagree with him on that point. It does not. That is a matter for the committee. This legislation is abstract in character. It contains no presumption about how the committee will decide that issue. If the committee were to so decide, it protects the position of the members of the committee and of the Houses subsequently.

Question put and agreed to.
Section 2 agreed to.
Title agreed to.
Bill reported without amendment, received for final consideration and passed.
Sitting suspended at 3 p.m. and resumed at 3.05 p.m.
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