General government debt from 2007 to 2013 in monetary terms, as a percentage of GDP and as a percentage of GNP is set out in the table.
|
General government debt
|
2007
|
2008
|
2009
|
2010
|
2011
|
2012
|
2013
|
|
monetary terms (€bn)
|
47.1
|
79.6
|
104.5
|
144.2
|
169.2
|
192.5
|
202.9
|
|
as a % of GDP
|
24.9%
|
44.2%
|
64.4%
|
91.2%
|
104.1%
|
117.4%
|
123.7%
|
|
as a % of GNP
|
28.9%
|
51.4%
|
78.1%
|
109.4%
|
129.5%
|
145.1%
|
147.1%
|
(Source: Eurostat, CSO, ESA 95 basis)
The proceeds of all borrowing as well as revenues including tax and non-tax, and capital receipts are lodged to the Exchequer account to fund general expenditure. In general terms, no specific tranches of borrowing were undertaken solely for the purpose of recapitalising the banking sector.
For the years 2007 to 2013, the Exchequer borrowing requirement, general government balance and underlying general government balance is set out in the table.
|
-
|
2007
|
2008
|
2009
|
2010
|
|
Exchequer deficit (€bn)
|
-1.6
|
-12.7
|
-24.6
|
-18.7
|
|
General government balance (€bn)
|
0.3
|
-13.3
|
-22.2
|
-48.4
|
|
General government balance (% of GDP)
|
0.2%
|
-7.4%
|
-13.7%
|
-30.6%
|
|
Underlying general government balance (€bn)
|
0.3
|
-13.3
|
-18.2
|
-16.8
|
|
Underlying general government balance (% GDP)
|
0.2%
|
-7.4%
|
-11.2%
|
-10.6%
|
(Source: Eurostat, Department of Finance, ESA 95 basis)
The underlying general government deficit excludes the effect of capital injections into financial institutions, in particular the promissory note transactions in 2010. The underlying balance is the measure set under the EDP targets.
The annual Exchequer deficit, which accounts for most of the general government deficit, was borrowed. The additional elements making up the general government deficit in each of the years was largely borrowed with some elements funded using funds accumulated over previous years.
With regard to debt attributable to bank recapitalisation, I provided the following information in a recent PQ (PQ 23246/14);
Capital injections into Irish banks from 2009 to 2011 can be separated into three categories.
(1) Capital injections that were made under Ministerial direction by the NPRF Commission amount to €18.8 billion (net of the sale of Bank of Ireland preference shares in 2013). There is no interest cost associated with these payments as they did not require borrowing.
(2) The promissory notes to IBRC and EBS added €30.85 billion to the general government debt, but not the national debt, in 2010. There was an interest holiday on the IBRC promissory note repayments in 2011 and 2012 and thus zero interest was payable for these years. In 2013 promissory note interest of €214 million was payable up to the date of IBRC's liquidation. General government interest is also payable on the EBS promissory note for all years with an average of €12 million payable between 2012 and 2014. Under the terms of the promissory note an annual payment €3.085 billion was to be made to the beneficiary banks. This payment was made in cash in 2011, and the IBRC element (€3.06 billion) was paid by way of a government bond in 2012. Both these payments impacted the national debt and incurred general government interest costs of approximately €0.3 billion in each of the years 2012 to 2014. The IBRC promissory notes were cancelled and replaced with a portfolio of eight floating rate Government bonds for a total amount of €25 billion. The bonds pay interest every six months (June and December) based on the six month Euribor interest rate plus an interest margin. The margin averages 2.63% across the eight issues. This gave rise to payments of €0.65 billion in 2013 and an estimated €0.8 billion in 2014. The Deputy should note that these payments contribute significantly to the surplus income of the Central Bank, up to 80% of which is paid to the Central Fund in the following year.
(3) By the end of 2013, €10 billion (net of the sale of Bank of Ireland equity in 2011, the sale of Irish Life and the sale of contingent capital notes in 2013) is estimated to have been paid through direct payments from the Exchequer account to the banking sector.[1] Although no specific borrowing was made in the cases of interventions paid through the Exchequer, the impact can be estimated using the average rate of interest on government debt.
[1] This figure excludes fees paid to the Minister under the Credit Institutions Financial Support and Eligible Liabilities Guarantee schemes amounting to €4.4 billion from 2008 to 2014.
