I thank the Deputy. In Ukraine last July, I heard first-hand accounts from civilians of the brutality and violence visited upon men, women and children by occupying Russian forces. Where Russia's forces have been pushed back, we have seen wanton destruction and the uncovering of mass civilian graves in towns and villages.
Ireland supports initiatives to bring to account the individual perpetrators of atrocity crimes, including war crimes, committed in Ukraine since Russia's latest invasion of that country in February 2022. Ireland, along with its EU partners, was one of over 40 states to refer the situation in Ukraine to the Office of the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court, ICC, to pursue accountability for alleged atrocity crimes committed in Ukraine. The ICC has jurisdiction over crimes against humanity, war crimes and genocide that have been committed on Ukrainian territory since 2013. In March 2022, the prosecutor of the ICC commenced a formal investigation into the situation in Ukraine.
Ukraine is also advocating support for the establishment of a special tribunal to prosecute the crime of aggression as it concerns Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. Due to the separate jurisdictional regime for the crime of aggression, which is a separate and distinct crime to war crimes under international law, the ICC does not have jurisdiction over the crime of aggression as it relates to events in Ukraine. The establishment of the proposed tribunal seeks to address this impunity gap. Ireland supports the idea of creating a special tribunal to prosecute the crime of aggression. However, a number of significant legal and practical challenges must still be resolved before this can happen. In the meantime, we welcome proposals to establish an interim prosecution office to investigate the crime of aggression as an important first step to achieving accountability for this crime.