Written Answers Nos. 918-937
918. Deputy Claire Kerrane asked the Minister for Agriculture, Food and the Marine if he will advise on engagement he has had regarding the provision of funding to underpin the development and roll-out of a Carbon Farming Framework; and if he will make a statement on the matter. [47968/23]
View answerAt the national level, Carbon Farming is an important enabler for the agriculture and land use sectors to meet our climate targets. As set out in the most recent Climate Action Plan (2023), I have committed to the development of an enabling framework which can potentially reward farmers and land owners partaking in emission mitigating and carbon removal activities.
It is important that the groundwork be completed to set up a high quality, transparent and successful governance structure which will need to align with and compliment the EU Commission proposal for a Union certification framework for carbon removals (published on 30 November 2022). In this regard, I launched a public consultation to guide the scope of the development of a National Carbon Farming Framework which closed on Friday 3 November.
In parallel to the public consultation, a multi-stakeholder working group which includes industry representation has been established to oversee the development of the Framework. The findings of the public consultation will inform the working group's decision making on the scope of the Framework. Key areas of focus include identifying existing knowledge relevant to the establishment of baseline data, making recommendations for pathways to address knowledge gaps, assessing future auditing requirements, the development of voluntary carbon codes and the identification of best practice governance structures.
Also key to developing a carbon farming model in Ireland is research. To that end, I have provided funding for initiatives such as the establishment of the National Agricultural Soil Carbon Observatory (NASCO), the Pilot Soil Sampling Programme, and the Farm Environmental Scheme along with several European Innovation Partnership (EIP) research projects, to provide the required data for the development of future policy options in this area. An example is the RePEAT project working to accurately identify the extent of organic soils under agricultural management while investment in European Innovation Projects in the Midlands is developing a results-based agri-environmental model to reward farmers for implementing sustainable management practices on Peat soils.
My department is supporting the Digital Sustainability Platform (AgNav) in co-operation with Teagasc, the Irish Cattle Breeding Association (ICBF) and Bord Bia, in developing a new digital platform to facilitate a robust whole farm sustainability assessment and “counting” of carbon emissions and removals. AgNav will facilitate access to reliable and robust estimates of carbon for each individual farm and accurately provide baseline figures for farmers using verified data. Platforms such as this can underpin the adoption of a Carbon Farming Framework in Ireland and can showcase how best practice management techniques can be adopted on a wide range of enterprises and soil types. A well-functioning National Carbon Farming Framework that provides confidence, verification and certification is essential to generate a potential additional income source for our farmers in the actions they take to remove and store carbon in our soils, forests, grasslands, croplands, and hedgerows. In the meantime, we will continue to provide financial support for farmers providing eco system's services through a variety of EU and nationally funded schemes.
919. Deputy Claire Kerrane asked the Minister for Agriculture, Food and the Marine if he has considered the introduction of taxation on grain imported to Ireland from outside of the EU, with regard to ensuring fair prices for domestic grain production; if he has engaged with the Minister for Finance on such a measure; and if he will make a statement on the matter. [47969/23]
View answerThe Irish tillage sector is an important and integral component of the Agri-Food industry which I have strongly supported in recent years.
The importance of the tillage sector is recognised in the Food Vision 2030 strategy and in the Climate Action Plan 2023 where a target is set out to increase the area in tillage to 400,000 hectares. This is an ambitious target, but I firmly believe that it is well-founded given that the sector is one of the most carbon efficient sectors of Irish agriculture.
To help achieve this target, I recently established the Food Vision 2030 Tillage Group. This group, which brings together all relevant stakeholders, has been established to advance the actions for the tillage sector identified in the Food Vision 2030 strategy, while also taking account of the targets set out in the Farm to Fork Strategy and the Climate Action Plan 2023.
The Tillage Group is made up of a wide range of stakeholders from across the industry and is tasked with setting out a roadmap for the sustainable growth and development of the sector.
Taxation of grain imports into the European Union, including into Ireland, is not a national competence with taxation into the single market subject to multi-lateral agreements at EU level.
920. Deputy Claire Kerrane asked the Minister for Agriculture, Food and the Marine if he has considered the introduction of crop insurance, given the experience the tillage sector has had with regard to weather conditions and crop loss this year; if he is aware of or has engaged with insurance companies which may be interested in providing such insurance; if he has engaged with the Minister for Finance on same; and if he will make a statement on the matter. [47970/23]
View answerI am acutely aware and fully appreciate the many challenges that tillage growers have experienced in 2023 as a result of unfavourable weather conditions throughout the crop growing season, and I am aware of some unharvested crops in a number of areas.
The case for additional risk management tools such as voluntary insurance schemes were examined in the preparation of Ireland's CAP Strategic Plan 2023-2027. There was the option to allocate some funding towards mutual insurance type schemes to provide cover for the loss of crops due to adverse weather. However, there was little support for this proposal from stakeholders and it was not included in the agreed CAP Strategic Plan.
In relation to the introduction of crop insurance, this is primarily a matter for the tillage sector. I would strongly encourage engagement by the sector with insurance companies to see if commercial crop insurance can be provided so that the sector can be protected from potential losses in the future due to adverse weather.
921. Deputy Claire Kerrane asked the Minister for Agriculture, Food and the Marine if the Government will provide the 200% top-up allowed under the Exceptional Aid support from the EU; and if he will make a statement on the matter. [47983/23]
View answerIn recognition of the difficulties experienced by the tillage and horticultural sectors this year, I secured €9.53 million from the EU Agricultural Reserve of which €7.147 million will go to support the tillage sector and €2.382 to the horticulture sector.
The tillage allocation will be distributed as a one-off flat rate payment of €28 per hectare on the area of oilseed rape, winter and spring barley, wheat and rye as declared under the Basic Income Support for Sustainability Scheme (BISS) in 2023. The minimum area for payment will be 5 hectares and will be capped at 100 hectares per grower.
The horticulture allocation targets ‘High-wire’ protected glass house producers of tomatoes, cucumber and peppers, field crop growers, brown mushroom growers, heated strawberry growers, vertically farmed greens and commercial apple growers
In Budget 2024, I secured an additional €8 million funding which will be specifically targeted at the tillage sector. I have been engaging with farming organisations on the best way to utilise this funding and will be providing details on this shortly.
922. Deputy Claire Kerrane asked the Minister for Agriculture, Food and the Marine if he will provide an update on his commitment to investigate the abuse of calves depicted in a recent documentary (details supplied); whether his Department contacted the marts in question; whether contact has been made with all marts in the State regarding the handling of calves and their welfare; if a review was carried out of this matter; and if he will make a statement on the matter. [47984/23]
View answerMy Department requested the television company provide all of the footage available, and any other information it had in relation to the allegations outlined in the programme. Following receipt of this material in relation to the allegations, my Department commenced and continues its investigation into the matter with a view to taking whatever action is appropriate.
As this matter is still under investigation, I am unable to comment any further.
923. Deputy Claire Kerrane asked the Minister for Agriculture, Food and the Marine if consideration has been given to providing the tillage sector with supports for unharvested crops, in relation to a €2 million fund sought by organisations representing the tillage sector, given the severe financial pressure tillage farmers are facing this year, and the level of crops which have been unharvested as a result of weather conditions; and if he will make a statement on the matter. [47985/23]
View answerThe tillage sector is a sector I have strongly supported in recent years. I doubled the annual budget for the Protein Aid Scheme from €3m to €7m and the Tillage Incentive Scheme resulted in payments of almost €11 million to scheme applicants last year. I have committed to pay the €200 maintenance on new ground from 2023 also. The Straw Incorporation Measure (SIM) has paid €19.5m to tillage farmers since it was launched as a pilot in 2021. I announced €6.5m in additional funding for SIM this year on top of the €10m under the CAP Strategic Plan to ensure support for all applicants under the Scheme. Tillage farmers are also eligible and participate in the Agri-Environment scheme ACRES and in the Organic Farming schemes.
I am acutely aware and fully appreciate the many challenges that tillage growers have experienced in 2023 as a result of continued high costs of production and reduced output prices. These challenges were further compounded by the unfavourable weather conditions throughout the 2023 crop growing season, and I am aware of some unharvested crops in a number of areas.
I specifically requested support from the EU Agriculture Reserve for the tillage sector in light of the significant challenges in 2023. A support package of €7.148 million has been allocated to the sector under this fund where a one-off flat rate payment of €28 per hectare will be made on the area of oilseed rape, winter and spring barley, wheat and rye declared under the Basic Income Support for Sustainability Scheme in 2023. Payments will be made on a minimum area of five hectares and will be capped at 100 hectares per grower.
In Budget 2024, I secured an additional €8 million funding which will be specifically targeted at the tillage sector. I have been engaging with farming organisations on the best way to utilise this funding and will be providing details on this shortly.
924. Deputy Claire Kerrane asked the Minister for Agriculture, Food and the Marine if he will provide an update on the €330 million CAP emergency fund provided by the EU; if his Department has sought or received funding from it; and if he will make a statement on the matter. [47986/23]
View answerCommission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/1465 was adopted on 14 July 2023 and provides for emergency support for the agricultural sectors affected by specific problems impacting on the economic viability of agricultural producers.
It is the third emergency aid package in 2023. The first two emergency aid packages were introduced in April and June 2023 and provided aid to Bulgaria, Poland, Romania, Hungary and Slovakia for the disruption caused to their domestic cereal and oilseed markets by imports from Ukraine.
The third emergency aid package provides for the allocation of €330 million from the EU Agricultural Reserve to the twenty-two Member States who did not receive any financial aid from the first two emergency aid packages. The package was introduced to provide financial assistance to farmers in the most affected sectors in 2023 resulting from lower output prices, high energy and fertiliser costs and adverse weather.
In recognition of the difficulties experienced by the tillage and horticultural sectors this year, I secured €9.53 million from the EU Agricultural Reserve of which €7.147 million will go to support the tillage sector and €2.382 to the horticulture sector.
The tillage allocation will be distributed as a one-off flat rate payment of €28 per hectare on the area of oilseed rape, winter and spring barley, wheat and rye as declared under the Basic Income Support for Sustainability Scheme (BISS) in 2023. The minimum area for payment will be five hectares and will be capped at 100 hectares per grower.
The horticulture allocation targets ‘high-wire’ protected glass house producers of tomatoes, cucumber and peppers, field crop growers, brown mushroom growers, heated strawberry growers, vertically farmed greens and commercial apple growers.
It is expected that payments to tillage and horticulture growers will be made in January 2024.
925. Deputy Claire Kerrane asked the Minister for Agriculture, Food and the Marine if he will advise on the rationale for designating grain which is imported into the State being as carbon neutral; and if he will make a statement on the matter. [47987/23]
View answerMy Department has no involvement in, or responsibility for any such designation.
926. Deputy Claire Kerrane asked the Minister for Agriculture, Food and the Marine if he will provide an update on the provision of a Teagasc representative for the tillage sector; and if he will make a statement on the matter. [47988/23]
View answerThe composition of the board of Teagasc, the Teagasc Authority, is prescribed in the First Schedule of the Agriculture (Research, Training and Advice) Act of 1988. While there is no provision reserving appointments for individual sectors, the Act provides for strong stakeholder representation from across the agri-food industry within an overall cap of 11 Board members .
It includes the appointment of representatives from the following nominating bodies: the Irish Farmers Association, the Irish Creamery Milk Suppliers Association, Macra na Feirme and the Irish Co-operative Organisation Society. Additionally, five positions on the Authority are filled following a competitive process overseen by the Public Appointments Service in respect of persons engaged in agriculture etc.
The tillage sector is a vital component of the agri-food industry, and I am very committed to ongoing stakeholder engagement with tillage representatives on the key issues facing the sector. I know from experience that Teagasc is equally committed to working closely with tillage stakeholders. In terms of Teagasc's direct engagement with the tillage sector, it has an active Tillage Stakeholder Consultative Group with 14 external members comprising representatives from tillage farmers, seed trade, end users and the drinks industry.
927. Deputy Claire Kerrane asked the Minister for Agriculture, Food and the Marine if consideration has been given to allowing all organic manures to be stored under the 70% TAMS grant for slurry storage facilities; and if he will make a statement on the matter. [47989/23]
View answerThe Targeted Agriculture Modernisation Scheme (TAMS 3) provides grants to farmers to build and/or improve a specified range of farm buildings and equipment on their holdings. My Department is currently engaging with the European Commission with a view to obtaining approval to introduce a Nutrient Importation Storage Scheme under the current CAP Strategic Plan.
The key objective of this scheme, which will be part of TAMS 3, will be to provide improved storage and more appropriate use of all organic manures, which will be a key factor in delivering improved sustainability in the farming sector. An improved distribution of nutrients across Irish farms combined with good nutrient storage management and the targeted, timely use of this valuable resource will improve environmental and economic sustainability and has the potential to significantly reduce reliance on imported chemical fertiliser.
I am proposing a higher grant of 70% In order to encourage farmers to invest in organic fertiliser storage facilities to allow for the importation of organic fertilisers onto their holding. It is envisaged that this higher rate will be available for the provision of new organic fertiliser storage facilities for farmers with contracts in place to import organic fertiliser with the exact specifics of the scheme yet to be defined.
I am confident that this measure will have a positive impact on water quality and overall emissions form the sector by encouraging farmers to import organic fertiliser thus reducing the use of chemical fertilisers on these holdings.
928. Deputy John McGuinness asked the Minister for Agriculture, Food and the Marine the reason the farm payment issued to an individual (details supplied) recently was cut. [47991/23]
View answerIn 2023 the Basic Income Support for Sustainability (BISS) and Complementary Redistributive Support for Sustainability (CRISS) and ECO schemes replaced BPS (Basic Payment Scheme) and Greening payments.
The above-named herd applied on 5th April 2023 under the BISS and associated schemes.
In 2022, €1,915.91 was paid to the applicant at advance payment stage, comprising €1,330.49 BPS and €582.42 in Greening payments. The BISS and CRISS advance payment in 2023 has been made and totalled €1,401.07 comprising €1,112.36 BISS and €277.10 in CRISS payments.
The herd owner has applied for the ECO scheme, however they have yet to receive payment. The herd owner opted for AP1 standard and AP2 using 2023 stock. 2023 Eco payment cannot issue until early 2024 to ensure that the stocking rate for 2023 is validated. The payment rate for ECO has been set at €67/ ha and based on the applicants total claim the ECO payment once cleared will be in excess of €600.
929. Deputy Claire Kerrane asked the Minister for Agriculture, Food and the Marine with regard to the announced 70% TAMS grant for slurry storage facilities, if consideration has been given to providing a rebate for transport of slurry as part of the grant; and if he will make a statement on the matter. [47992/23]
View answerThe Targeted Agriculture Modernisation Scheme (TAMS 3) provides grants to farmers to build and/or improve a specified range of farm buildings and equipment on their holdings. I wish to advise that On Farm Capital Investments is included as a measure under the current CAP Strategic Plan to provide support for capital investments on farms. Any operational support for transport cannot be included in the proposed grant aid as it is outside the remit of TAMS.
930. Deputy Claire Kerrane asked the Minister for Agriculture, Food and the Marine if he will provide information on the distribution of a fund (details supplied) in 2021, 2022 and to date in 2023; and if he will make a statement on the matter. [47993/23]
View answerThe horse and greyhound racing industries receive financial support from the State through the Horse and Greyhound Racing Fund (the Fund), under Section 12 of the Horse and Greyhound Racing Act, 2001.
The Fund is distributed in accordance with Section 12(6) of the Horse and Greyhound Racing Act, 2001, with 80% going to Horse Racing Ireland (HRI) and 20% to Rásaíocht Con Éireann (RCÉ).
The part of question raised by the Deputy as it relates to prize fund distribution is an operational matter for HRI, therefore, that part of the question has been referred to the body for direct reply.
The information the Deputy has requested in relation to the Fund distribution for the years 2021, 2022 and to date in 2023 is contained in the table below.
Horse and Greyhound Racing Fund Distribution (the Fund) from 2021 to date in 2023
|
Year |
Horse Racing Ireland |
Rásaíocht Con Éireann |
Total |
|
2021 |
€76.8m |
€19.2m |
€96m |
|
2022 |
€70.4m |
€17.6m |
€88m |
|
2023 (To date)* |
€69.3m |
€18.2m |
€87.5m |
*A total of €91m was allocated for the Horse and Greyhound Racing Fund (the Fund) for 2023 of which Horse Racing Ireland (HRI) will receive €72.8m and Rásaíocht Con Éireann (RCÉ) will receive €18.2m.
My Department makes payments from the Fund to both bodies in instalments
931. Deputy Anne Rabbitte asked the Minister for Agriculture, Food and the Marine status of an appeal (details supplied). [47995/23]
View answerI wish to inform the Deputy that the statutory Agriculture Appeals facility operates independently of my Department.
I have been informed that the Agriculture Appeals Office received an appeal from the person named on 20th September 2023. I am also informed the Agriculture Appeals Office requested the Department’s statement on the grounds of appeal and the related documents and received same on the 26th October 2023. The appeal has now been assigned to an Appeals Officer. I am assured the Appeals Officer will be in contact with the farmer in the near future on the matter and to ensure arrangements are put in place to hold the remote Oral Hearing that is requested as soon as possible.
932. Deputy Réada Cronin asked the Minister for Agriculture, Food and the Marine if his Department engages a company (details supplied); if so, the duration and nature of the work; the cost of same to the Exchequer; and if he will make a statement on the matter. [48005/23]
View answerI wish to advise the Deputy that my Department has not engaged the company (details supplied).
933. Deputy Joe McHugh asked the Minister for Agriculture, Food and the Marine to initiate a specific payment for farmers who have land in SPA and SAC outside the normal payment schemes that are available that is, similar to the top up payment that Islands got a number of years ago; and if he will make a statement on the matter. [48091/23]
View answerNatura lands (SAC and SPA) are incredibly diverse and important agricultural lands within the State. A number of supports are already in place within specific Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine (DAFM) schemes for these lands.
Specifically in ACRES CP, farmers will receive payment according to the score i.e. quality of their designated land and this is supported by a suite of non-productive investments which can be targeted to try and improve the quality of habitats.
In the case of ACRES general; if an applicant has at least 0.5 ha of grassland within the Natura (SAC/SPA) mapped area in 2021, he/she may be eligible for Tier 1 priority entry to the ACRES General approach. To be considered for priority access, one of the actions a. or b. below must be selected on an area intersecting the Natura mapped area.
A. Low Input Grassland
B. Extensively Grazed Pasture
Alternatively if an applicant has at least 0.5 ha of tillage land within Natura (SAC/SPA) mapped area in 2021, he/she may be eligible for Tier 1 priority entry to the ACRES General approach. To be considered for priority access, one of the actions a. b. or c. below must be selected on an area intersecting the Natura mapped area.
A. Unharvested cereal headlands
B. Winter bird food
C. Environmental management of arable fallow
The CAP Strategic Plan (CSP) is currently coming to the end of its first year of implementation and this sets out the focus of the main funding streams for the next number of years.
Outside of the supports outlined above under ACRES there are no plans to introduce any specific payments for Natura lands.
934. Deputy Michael Healy-Rae asked the Minister for Agriculture, Food and the Marine to review an appeal by a person (details supplied); and if he will make a statement on the matter. [48096/23]
View answerI wish to inform the Deputy that the statutory agriculture appeals facility operates independently of my Department.
I have been informed that the Agriculture Appeals Office received an appeal from the person named on 11th August 2023. I am also informed the Agriculture Appeals Office requested the Department’s statement on the grounds of appeal and the related documents and received same on the 14th September 2023. The appeal has now been assigned to an Appeals Officer. I understand the Appeals Officer has been in contact with the farmer and will ensure arrangements are put in place for the oral hearing that is requested as soon as possible.
935. Deputy Niamh Smyth asked the Minister for Agriculture, Food and the Marine for an update on the outstanding payments under the beef genomics scheme for a person (details supplied); and if he will make a statement on the matter. [48143/23]
View answerThe Beef Data and Genomics Programme (BDGP) provided financial support to farmers for using technology and genomics to improve the national herd. Farmers had to meet standards on genotyped animals.
The person named was a participant in the Beef Data and Genomics Programme from 2015 – 2022. They received their 2022 payment on 04 October 2023. They received a payment for every year they were a participant in the scheme. No more payments are due to the person named in respect of BDGP.
936. Deputy Holly Cairns asked the Minister for Agriculture, Food and the Marine if his attention has been drawn to a barrier to participation in a group (details supplied); and if he would engage with Teagasc with the goal of expanding access to the group and extend the upcoming deadline. [48203/23]
View answerThe new Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) has brought a new approach to knowledge transfer (KT) – the new system is more targeted, with equal emphasis on CAP objectives and local needs.
An example of this is that each participant will have an annual one-to-one planning meeting with the KT Facilitator, using the farmer’s Basic Income Support for Sustainability scheme (BISS) application so that the knowledge transfer can be applied to the goals of that farm and crucially can be evaluated in future years.
This new KT Programme is far more tailored to the individual farm and targeted to local needs in accordance with the regulations.
The old KT Programme had sector specific groups – equine and poultry for example. These are not a feature of the new KT Programme, as there is now the dual emphasis on local needs and CAP objectives. However, specific sectoral issues can still be discussed through delivery of meetings by external expert speakers in the KT Programme, where this contributes to CAP objectives or local needs.
The KT Programme 2024-2026 is currently open for submission of Group applications until 10 November 2023 (extended from 31 October).
It is a basic requirement that the farmer must have submitted a BISS application in 2023, and agree to continue submitting one in each future year of the Programme. Herd Keepers cannot submit BISS applications and therefore do not meet the eligibility requirements of the Programme
For multi-herd partnerships, each herd can apply separately, and for joint ventures/single herd partnerships, one application is accepted.
937. Deputy Colm Burke asked the Minister for Agriculture, Food and the Marine if he and his Department will continue to advocate at European Union Parliament level to address the barriers faced by young farmers to access agricultural activity including access to land, access to finance, access to markets and fair remuneration for work, access to knowledge and training, and the need of public policies to address these issues; and if he will make a statement on the matter. [48238/23]
View answer938. Deputy Colm Burke asked the Minister for Agriculture, Food and the Marine what action his Department is taking to ensure going forward a fair and dignified income, a proper quality of life for farmers and their families and to attract young and new people into the Irish farming sector; and if he will make a statement on the matter. [48239/23]
View answer941. Deputy Colm Burke asked the Minister for Agriculture, Food and the Marine what action his Department is taking to ensure that generational renewal remains a high priority in the future programming period, in particular for the next CAP, under which it must receive increased, mandatory support to meet the challenges for generational renewal; and if he will make a statement on the matter. [48242/23]
View answerI propose to take Questions Nos. 937, 938 and 941 together.
Supporting young farmers and facilitating generational renewal is critical to ensuring a bright future for the agri-food sector. The challenge of generational renewal is widely recognised both at national and EU level, with the new Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) citing it as one of its nine key objectives.
My Department is implementing targeted supports for farmers provided in the largest ever (€10 billion) CAP Strategic Plan, including:
• Complementary Income Support for Young Farmers, using some 3% of the direct payments ceiling (€1.186 billion). An amount of €35 million will be provided in support of young farmers each year from 2023 to 2027, which will result in payments of an average of €175 per hectare, subject to a maximum of 50 hectares, over the five years of the scheme to help young farmers establish their businesses.
• A National Reserve 2023-2027 will provide support to two priority categories of Young Farmer and New Farmer.
• Higher grant rates of 60% under the Targeted Agriculture Modernisation Schemes (TAMS).
• Collaborative Farming Grant to encourage established farmers to form partnerships with young, trained farmers.
• A Succession Planning Advice Grant to encourage and support farmers aged 60 years and over to seek succession planning advice.
I will continue to work nationally and in the EU for all farmers, including younger farmers, and will continue to ensure that generational renewal remains a priority. Food Vision 2030, our shared strategy, developed for the sector, by the sector, also recognises the importance of generational renewal.
Strong agri-taxation measures facilitate generational renewal and assist land mobility, and are worth some €300 million per annum. Agricultural Relief is the key measure, along with Stamp Duty reliefs.
Specifically in relation to access to finance, young farmers have benefited from a series of Government-backed loan schemes over recent years. The new €500 million Growth and Sustainability Loan Scheme is a viable and attractive source of finance for young, new entrant farmers and smaller-scale farmers, as loans of less than €500,000 do not require security.
Teagasc is the primary provider of accredited further (vocational) education and training for the agricultural sector. Teagasc’s education activities focuses on equipping young farmers with the necessary knowledge to build successful agricultural careers.
While acknowledging that there are significant variations across sectors, family farm incomes have increased for the fourth year in a row, with average incomes up 32% in 2022 to €45,809, despite significant increases in input costs.
I will continue to support all sectors of primary agriculture to ensure that our Food Vision 2030 ambitions of economic, environmental and social sustainability are achieved.
