I propose to take Questions Nos. 138, 140, 142 and 143 together.
HVO (Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil) is a drop-in fuel which can replace fossil diesel up to 100%, with GHG reduction benefits. When used in transport, HVO is referred to as biofuel. HVO bioliquid is also used as renewable energy for heating and power generators. SI 350 of 2022, which transposes Directive (EU) 2018/2001 on the promotion of energy from renewable sources, defines biofuels as liquid fuel for transport produced from biomass, and bioliquids as liquid fuel for energy purposes other that for transport, including electricity and heating and cooling, produced from biomass.
Liquid renewable fuels may be best used in transport systems that are more difficult to decarbonise and their use should be incentivised in the transport energy market. HGVs and the aviation sector have no alternative for sustainable fuel, unlike the domestic heating for which we can turn to other alternatives. Biofuels are a core transitional technology relied upon for the medium-term reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in the road transport sector.
The National Heat Study considered a number of potential options to decarbonise the heating and cooling sectors to 2050. This included the use of liquid biofuels, solid biomass, biogases, and other technologies such as heat pumps and district heating networks in a wide range of dwelling and business types.
The Study finds that bioliquids are not a cost-effective option for heat in any sector in any of the scenarios that were considered, but does find that heat pumps can play a significant role in decarbonising heat. The recommendation of the Study is that heat pumps are the optimal decarbonisation path for domestic heating systems, with district heating also identified as a competitive option that can be widely deployed.
The information sought in respect of bioliquids in the heat sector or households upgrading their boilers to be compatible with bioliquids is not readily available. A breakdown of biofuels supplied in the transport sector and associated emissions savings in 2020, 2021, 2022 and 2023, as published in the Energy in Ireland 2023 report, is set out in the table below:
|
Year
|
Biodiesel
(TWh)
|
Bioethanol
(TWh)
|
Total
(TWh)
|
Emission Avoided
(MtCO2)
|
|
Year
|
Biodiesel
(TWh)
|
Bioethanol
(TWh)
|
Total
(TWh)
|
Emission Avoided
(MtCO2)
|
|
2020
|
1.8
|
0.2
|
2.0
|
0.53
|
|
2021
|
1.8
|
0.2
|
2.1
|
0.55
|
|
2022
|
2.4
|
0.3
|
2.6
|
0.69
|
|
2023*
|
2.7
|
0.4
|
3.1
|
0.82
|
*2023 values are provisional estimates based on actual biofuel supply from Q1 to Q3 in 2023 with an extrapolation of supply into Q4 2023.
