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Dáil Éireann díospóireacht -
Wednesday, 3 Apr 1935

Vol. 55 No. 13

Pigs and Bacon Bill, 1934—Money Resolution. - In Committee on Finance.

I move:

That as regards any Act of the present Session to make provision for the control and regulation of the production and marketing of bacon and to make provision for divers matters connected therewith, including the regulation of the price of pigs, it is expedient to authorise the payment out of moneys provided by the Oireachtas of any sums required by the Minister for Agriculture for the making of loans under such Act and any other expenses incurred by the Minister for Agriculture in carrying such Act into effect.

The House would like to get some information as to what the cost of this proposal is going to be and there are some other things which the House would like to hear something about in dealing with this resolution. On Friday week last there was very little time to discuss some of these things as the House wished to convenience the Minister by concluding the Second Reading in order to allow the Bill to go to the Special Committee quickly. I asked the Minister at that time whether the Excise duty on the killing of pigs was going to continue. I pointed out that the Excise duty brought in nearly £300,000 last year, 5/- being put on in May, 7/- about October, and 10/- in December, and, if the Excise duty at the rate of 10/- was to continue, that a sum of £500,000 would be raised over a normal year and would be borne by the bacon consumers. The Minister indicated that as far as he was concerned there was no necessity for the Excise duty imposed by the Emergency Order to continue after the Bill had come into operation, when the funds to be raised by the operation of the Bill were available. Nevertheless, I think it desirable that the Minister should tell us what amount of money is going to be raised under the Financial Resolution passed in connection with this Bill. I know it may be somewhat outside the scope of this discussion as the resolution before the House deals simply with the cost of administration of the Bill. In view, however, of the limited discussion which took place on this matter, and before the Bill comes before the Special Committee, I think the House should get an answer on this point and also should have some idea as to what the cost of the administration of the Bill will be.

The position is that the capacity of the people to bear burdens of this kind is being reduced year by year. The Minister for Finance has indicated that there was a Budgetary surplus of £1,100,000. But £300,000 was raised as an Excise duty on the killing of pigs, and paid by the consumers of bacon during the year, which was not estimated for by the Minister for Finance when introducing his Budget. We generally look to the taxation paid in Excise to give us some indication as to the purchasing capacity of our people. It has been indicated that the amount received in Excise duty during the last 12 months was greater than that received during the 12 months before. But the amount actually received was £42,000 less than the amount estimated for, although £300,000 went into the Exchequer in Excise duty that was not budgeted for at all.

Figures have recently been issued by the Minister for Industry and Commerce indicating that during the year 1933 the people spent one-eighth less on boots and shoes, one-fifth less on hosiery, nearly one-eighth less on soap, candles and furniture, and one-fifth less on jam and sugar confectionery than they did two years before. So that when we are dealing with the raising of moneys that will have to be paid by the taxpayers on the one hand and by the bacon consumers on the other, we have to realise that we are dealing with people whose purchasing power is gradually being reduced. That is all the more reason why the Minister should give us some idea as to the financial effects of this measure from the point of view of this resolution, which deals with the administrative costs, and from the point of view of the Bill itself, which deals with the amount of money that will be raised by fees charged by the Bacon Board and by the Pigs Board.

The expenditure under this Bill, as far as public funds are concerned, will not amount to more than £15,000 or £16,000 as estimated. The biggest item of expenditure will be the veterinary inspection. In a full year that is estimated to cost about £14,000. The administrative expenditure under this Bill, as far as the Department of Agriculture is concerned, will not be heavy, because most of the work will be done by the boards that are being set up under the Bill. I do not think that the administrative expenses of the Department will be more than £1,500. The total expenditure, therefore, will be between £15,000 and £16,000. In addition to that, of course, there are the two Boards. The administrative expenses of these two Boards are estimated at between £4,000 and £5,000 each. Under the Bill it is provided that these Boards may carry out certain experiments and do certain research work. It is difficult to say what the expenditure may amount to if they do any research work or carry out any experiments. I do not believe, however, that it will be very heavy. Probably it would not amount to more than a few hundred pounds or perhaps £1,000. The big item, however, both of receipts and expenditure of whichever Board may have the administration of it, is this matter that has to be settled on the Committee Stage of what might be regarded as the stabilisation fund.

This Excise duty collected on bacon was for the purpose of increasing the bounties on exports. It did not give the Minister for Finance any additional income so far as the Budget forecast was concerned. He had already allocated all that was estimated for in his Budget for export bounties, and whatever came out of this Excise duty on bacon was also devoted to that purpose over and above what was already allocated. It is not true to say either that the duty realised £300,000. That would be the estimate for a full year. What was actually received in the financial year was a good deal less than that. I do not know what the exact figure was, but I think it was somewhat under a quarter of a million.

If the Bill is passed, and if certain amendments which are being put down are agreed to, it will be possible to have the stabilisation fund and to get rid of this Excise duty altogether. In that case I think the Minister for Finance has no intention whatever of continuing the Excise duty for revenue purposes. I cannot give an estimate of what that levy for stabilisation purposes may amount to, because it will depend entirely on the relative prices of pigs here and in Great Britain, and of bacon here and in Great Britain. It is impossible, of course, to forecast what these prices may be. The levy raised by whichever Board is administering this would not, I believe, amount to more than £300,000, and indeed it may prove to be much less. I do not see that it would have any great effect from the point of view of the producer here, because the idea is to collect a levy at times when the bacon curer can pay more, taking the price of bacon into consideration, and to pay out from that fund at times when the bacon curer is losing on his business. In fact, if you like, it is a regularisation of the position which was there heretofore, where the bacon curer himself lost at certain times of the year and gained at other times. It is transferring that loss and gain over to the Board, to effect, if possible, that the bacon curer would get an ordinary reasonable profit the whole year round, and that the Board would stand this occasional loss and reap this occasional gain which the bacon curer has been getting up to the present. I do not think it affects the consumer to any great extent.

With regard to registration, licensing and levies, will all those sums go into the Exchequer or into the Board responsible for the stabilisation fund?

Dr. Ryan

They go to the Exchequer.

In what way is the new Board to be financed? If they are going to be financed out of levies, and if the levies are alterable, then I am afraid we will find the position will be not that the consumer pays but that it will be taken out of the producer. When you put on a levy for the purpose of stabilisation, it is not put on to the consumer so much as taken out of the producer. That is how we view it. We would be very interested to know how this Board is going to be financed, whether it is the Pigs Marketing Board or the Bacon Marketing Board. We should like to know what way the fund is going to be manipulated. They are going to have powers under the Act to go into business. How will the business be financed? Will it be financed out of levies, which will either put it on to the consumer or take it out of the producer? We ought to be told what is going to happen, if there is any general idea at the present moment as to how the thing is going to be done.

Dr. Ryan

I should like Deputy Brennan to see the distinction between what I have called, for convenience, the stabilisation fund and the administrative expenses of the Board. In the case of the administrative expenses of the Board, which will amount to only twopence or threepence per pig in each case, the buyer of the pig can deduct the levy which is payable to the Pigs Board, but he contributes to the Bacon Board without deducting. It amounts, I think, to the same thing; either the producer or the consumer must pay. There is a specified amount put down; he must pay, say, threepence to the Pigs Board and threepence to the Bacon Board. On the published price he can deduct the threepence which he pays to the Pigs Board, and the other threepence theoretically comes out of the bacon factory. The stabilisation fund is a different matter. Suppose it is felt by the Pigs Board that the bacon curers can pay 3/- or 4/- more per cwt. for pigs, considering the price of bacon, they might come to the conclusion that it was inadvisable to make them pay that, and, instead, make them build up a fund for a rainy day. At a time when the bacon curers say that they cannot possibly continue paying the present price for pigs, the Pigs Board might say "Continue paying that price and we will subsidise you for the time being out of the fund."

In that case would not the stabilisation fund be entirely dependent upon an accident?

Dr. Ryan

No.

In the first instance how is it to be set up?

Dr. Ryan

We are going on many years' experience of the cycle of prices. We know from bacon curers themselves that there are certain times of the year when they make money, and other times when they lose money. We want to continue the level of prices. Instead of the bacon curer having his own stabilisation fund, the intention is to let the Board have it. That is what it amounts to.

The Minister says that what will determine the collection of money for the stabilisation fund will be consideration of the price of pigs and bacon in Great Britain?

Dr. Ryan

That will come into it, too.

I should like to ask the Minister then is this stabilisation fund a fund with an entirely different function from, say, the function of the butter stabilisation fund? In the case of the butter stabilisation fund the general principle is that you keep the price to the producer here up to the price payable to the producer outside, but that the price to the consumer here need bear no relation at all to the price paid to the consumer outside; that is, the producer is looked after at the expense of the consumer, with the result that people here pay 5d. per lb. more for butter than in Great Britain or Northern Ireland. Do I understand that in the operation of the stabilisation fund under this Bill the price of bacon here will not be raised in that particular way to the consumers, compared with the price charged to consumers in Great Britain and the Six Counties?

Dr. Ryan

The Bill would enable the Board to work in much the same way as in the case of butter, but I think there would be no intention of doing so. In practice I think bacon should be somewhat cheaper here, but it is hard to give a forecast. I think it should not be dearer at any rate under this scheme than in Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

I should like the Minister to walk pretty warily in regard to this matter. I do not know whether the drop in the price of pigs has any relation to the coming Bill, but there has been a rather severe drop recently. Of course, our experience is that whenever there are levies, licences or registration fees to be paid by bacon curers or anybody else they will be taken out of the producer in the first instance. I should like the Minister to keep that in mind, and watch how matters are going at the present time.

Dr. Ryan

First of all, there was a rather artificial rise in the price of pigs about a week or two ago, because as the Bill stood when introduced the qualifying period for factories was stated to be 12 months prior to the passing of the Act, or the appointed day—I forget which. I announced here that we were changing that to the year 1934. While the qualifying period was to be 12 months prior to the passing of the Act, there was rather a contest between factories to get pigs and put up their numbers. I think there is an easing off in that regard; it was only temporary.

The Minister stated that the present levy on bacon will stabilise prices. In my reading of this Bill I do not see where that is effected at all. My reading of the section mentioned by the Minister is that it is a mechanical device to keep prices fairly level, especially not to have big day-to-day jumps. I take it that the latter part of the Bill dealing with the Pigs Marketing Board is drawn more with an eye to marketing than to fixing the price to the consumer or the price for export—stabilisation of pig prices rather than bacon prices.

Dr. Ryan

That is the principle of the Bill.

There is a terrible lot of work to be done with this Bill, and if a fair percentage of the amendments are to be adopted the Minister will not know his own Bill. What I am interested in is the purely financial side of the Bill. Anything that is to be known about the Bill is in the Bill and we can read it, but we have no information of what the Minister's estimate of the cost of administering the Bill is.

Dr. Ryan

You will get that later.

I should be interested to know that, and I should like the Minister not to be too niggardly in his estimate, and neither is he to be extravagant. I should like him to approximate as nearly as possible to it. I do not think Deputy Mulcahy need be so nervous about the consumer. Things like this do not come from the consumer.

They go to him.

None of Deputy Mulcahy's consumers would care to change places with the producers. If they did find themselves in that position they would not have waited until now for a general strike in the City of Dublin. They would have struck long ago. I question if there is a single man on strike who has not been in receipt of more money than any pig producer, and I am quite sure he is eating more bacon than the pig producers can afford to eat. I think the Minister computed the financial cost of the Bill at from £15,000 to £16,000. He did say that the cost of inspection which would be about the biggest item would be about £14,000. I forget just at the moment whether that inspection will be borne on the price?

Dr. Ryan

No.

Well, then there is a big hiatus there. If the cost of inspection is about £14,000, there is another £1,500 which I take it would be the cost to the Minister's Department.

Dr. Ryan

Yes.

Take it at that. Then you have the cost of each Board at between £4,000 and £5,000. If we take it at the larger figure I think it will be found very near it. There will be the chairman of the Board to be paid, the secretary will be paid, and officers will have to be provided for both. The expenses of the members of each Board will have to be borne, and the members of one Board will get remuneration in addition to their expenses, and then there will be two secretaries. Neither the chairman nor secretary of these Boards will need to be duds. They would need to be men of good capacity. They must be good men. In addition, there will be a staff if the chairman and secretary are to do any good. It will be like the county medical officers of health. At first we estimated the cost at only £700 or £800, the salary of one individual. But we find now where they are functioning properly that there is a huge establishment with assistant county medical officers of health and that a whole staff is necessary. Then there are other officers down the line in order to utilise the services to the fullest extent.

I do not want to discuss the county medical officers of health now, but here we are setting up an organisation for the pig trade. Taking it at the limited estimate of the Minister at £16,000, there will be, exclusive of that, £5,000 for each of the Boards. With £1,000 for research that will make £27,000. I do not know whether the Minister has taken in all the costs in making his estimate, but to my mind it would be a conservative estimate to place the figure at £30,000 a year. Now that will have to come out of the industry. The pig industry will have not only to bear this extra charge but it will have to produce an efficiency that will have to bring in a return for this extra charge of £30,000 in addition to something more in order to stabilise the whole industry. Apart from these remarks, I do not want to criticise the Bill. I just want to get from the Minister an idea of the financial costs, because I recognise in all the circumstances surrounding this Bill and the evidence given before the Pigs Tribunal, as published in their report, that there was nothing else left for the Minister but to produce a Bill of some kind. Whether this is the most suitable Bill he could produce is a matter that we will have to look through during the next few weeks. I suppose a Second Reading discussion on this motion is hardly in order.

The Deputy's supposition is correct.

It generally is in that direction. In any case I would not attempt it even if I were allowed.

You did very well.

I would ask the Minister to say if he can supplement the financial relation he has given of his estimate so that we may know where we are. I believe the cost will be nearer to £50,000 than to £30,000, having regard to the size and the shape that these Boards may become. I do not want to discuss the matter any further, as we will be discussing it tomorrow in Committee, but I suggest that the Minister should consider seriously if with such an association two independent Boards might not be equally efficient if not more efficient, and that they might be less expensive.

Dr. Ryan

I could not give any more information at this stage than I am giving.

Question put and agreed to.
Resolution reported and agreed to.
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