In accordance with the terms of Article 5 of Council Directive 95/59/EC, pipe tobacco comes under the definition of other smoking tobacco in the categorisation of excisable manufactured tobacco in that directive. Article 3(1) of Council Directive 92/80/EEC obliges member states to impose a minimum rate of excise duty on other smoking tobacco which is either 20% of the retail selling price inclusive of all taxes, or 18 euros per kilogram. Subject to the achievement of this minimum, the excise duty may be charged either on an ad valorem basis or as a specific duty expressed as an amount per kilogram or as a mixture of both, combining an ad valorem element and a specific element.